盾构管片模具三维激光扫描检测关键技术

目前盾构管片模具主要采用传统的人工和激光跟踪测量技术进行检测,存在检测点位少,精度低等缺点,不能很好地指导管片模具的修复工作,直接影响到管片尺寸的生产精度,易造成盾构隧道管片破损、开裂及渗漏水等现象,为后期的运营埋下了安全隐患。宁波市轨道交通利用三维激光扫描技术对管片模具进行检测,通过理论分析、现场试验及数据分析,确定了点云数据的拼接方式、扫描分辨率、基准模型及模型对齐的方式,成功克服了现有的管片模具检测中存在的测量点位少、精度低等缺点,实现了对管片模具的全方位检测,大大提高了管片模具的检测精度。同时在参考现有规范及经验的基础上,制定出了盾构管片模具三维激光扫描检测标准,很好地指导了管片模具的修复工作,提高了盾构管片尺寸的生产精度,确保盾构隧道的施工质量。     

青岛地铁蓄电池工程维护车车钩挂梁结构设计

文章分析了青岛地铁2号线蓄电池工程维护车出现车钩"低头"现象的原因,并给出了一种通过加装车钩挂梁结构以支撑车钩的解决方案。文章还对挂梁结构进行了强度校核,确保该结构满足实际工况需求。     

Fueling for contingencies: The hidden cost of unpredictability in the air transportation system

The aviation community is increasing its attention on the concept of predictability when conducting aviation service quality assessments. Reduced fuel consumption and the related cost is one of the various benefits that could be achieved through improved flight predictability. A lack of predictability may cause airline dispatchers to load more fuel onto aircraft before they depart; the flights would then in turn consume extra fuel just to carry excess fuel loaded. In this study, we employ a large dataset with flight-level fuel loading and consumption information from a major US airline. With these data, we estimate the relationship between the amount of loaded fuel and flight predictability performance using a statistical model. The impact of loaded fuel is translated into fuel consumption and, ultimately, fuel cost and environmental impact for US domestic operations. We find that a one-minute increase in the standard deviation of airborne time leads to a 0.88 min increase in loaded contingency fuel and 1.66 min in loaded contingency and alternate fuel. If there were no unpredictability in the aviation system, captured in our model by eliminating standard deviation in flight time, the reduction in the loaded fuel would between 6.12 and 11.28 min per flight. Given a range of fuel prices, this ultimately would translate into cost savings for US domestic airlines on the order of $120–$452 million per year.     

Accelerated vehicle retirement program: Estimating the optimal incentive payment in Israel

The paper analyzes two main aspects of the accelerated vehicle retirement program in Israel: the optimal incentive payment of private cars, and the feasibility of expanding the program to include light commercial vehicles. The benefits are the reduction of pollutant emissions and safety benefits, which were compared to the costs of the incentive payment. A differential payment scheme for private vehicles according to the vehicle’s age, is shown to have a higher net benefit than a uniform payment scheme. It is also found that the optimal payment is higher than the existing incentive payment. Additionally, it is found economically feasible to include light commercial vehicles in the program.     

长沙南湖路湘江隧道通风方案初探

基于我国的经济技术发展现状及趋势,借鉴公路隧道通风的相关设计理论、原则以及国内已建类似工程的经验,针对长沙市南湖路湘江隧道的工程特点,探讨并分析影响该隧道通风方案确立的因素,提出既满足隧道内的行车安全和洞外环保要求,又有利于降低工程造价和减少运营费用的通风方案。     

钢护筒与钢筋混凝土协同受力机理数值分析与模型验证

以果园二期桩基为原型,对6个钢护筒与钢筋混凝土短柱结构和2个钢管混凝土短柱进行轴压试验。基于ABAQUS有限元软件,以钢护筒厚度、配筋率、配箍率为参数进行分析。结果表明,钢护筒与钢筋混凝土短柱结构中,钢护筒与箍筋对核心混凝土均有约束作用,且双重约束效应明显,有效抑制混凝土裂缝开展,使结构具有更高的承载力、塑性和韧性。箍筋对混凝土的约束作用对钢护筒与钢筋混凝土短柱的承载力、塑性及延性性能影响显著,随着箍筋间距的减小,构件的承载力及延性性能有明显提高。     

怀邵衡铁路沅江特大桥主桥设计

怀邵衡铁路沅江特大桥主桥为矮塔斜拉加劲连续梁组合结构,跨径为(90+180+90)m,采用塔、梁固结体系,综述该桥上部结构设计与计算。主梁采用单箱单室变截面混凝土箱梁;桥塔采用双柱式桥塔,塔高28 m;斜拉索为空间双索面体系,扇形布置。采用MIDAS Civil2006及BDAP程序对该桥进行结构计算分析,结果表明:该桥静力、稳定及动力特性均满足要求。     

在建盾构隧道突发管片破损病害成因分析及治理措施研究北大核心CSCD

盾构法广泛应用于我国城市轨道交通隧道的建设中,盾构管片的病害问题也越发受到重视。文章针对某地铁在建盾构隧道突发管片破损病害,绘制了管片破损病害展布图,分析了相关资料和检测数据,明确了病害的成因机理,制定并实施了相应治理措施。研究结果表明:管片背后大范围空洞导致围岩对隧道的约束不足,引起已成型隧道在盾构机反推力和扭矩、同步注浆浆液浮力、刀盘水土压力和扭矩等作用下发生类压杆弯扭失稳是导致该病害的主要原因;隧道变形监测数据表明"背后注浆填充+破损部位修复"两阶段治理措施取得了良好的治理效果;盾构隧道施工过程中,应严格管控同步注浆质量,防止隧道轴线偏移引起盾构管片发生开裂破损等病害。     

自锚式悬索桥简化计算方法研究

基于能量原理,提出计算自锚式悬索桥受力性能的简化计算方法,对双塔三跨自锚式悬索桥导出求解加劲梁内力、挠度和主缆水平分力的基本公式.该法将自锚式悬索桥的主缆和吊杆截开,用未知力来代替,分别取主缆和连续加劲梁为隔离体进行分析,通过迭代逐步逼近,使两者满足受力协调条件,对主缆同时考虑恒载和活载作用下的挠度,对加劲梁同时考虑轴力和弯矩的作用以及梁柱效应.算例结果表明,该简化计算方法的计算结果收敛速度快,与几何非线性有限元法的计算结果吻合良好.     

一年潮流数据的调和分析研究

对一年潮流实测数据进行了调和分析试验研究。通过对实测数据和模型残差的频谱分析,验证了调和分析模型及其结果的正确性,并在理论上对模型残差的组成进行了分析,由结果可知,短期气象因素和季节性变化异常是造成调和分析模型偏差的主要因素,且该偏差可能具有较大量级。