城市轨道交通中闸机事件识别技术

闸机识别系统是城市轨道交通自动检票设备的核心部分。针对闸机识别系统识别率不高的问题,按照事件序列可以描述物体运动过程的思路,提出了基于事件识别的新方法。采用对射式红外传感器捕获运动个体的动作、行为和事件。在运动个体经过闸机通道时,对形成的动作序列根据预定义的行为和事件进行分析,获得个体运动过程中所存在的行为和事件,并产生事件序列。通过判断事件序列中通行事件对的个数,得到运动个体的个数。事件识别方法的最小识别单位是运动个体,在1个事件序列中,每个通行事件对就对应于1个运动个体通过了闸机通道。使用开发的闸机仿真软件和物理样机,对事件识别方法的识别效果进行试验,结果表明该识别方法是有效的。     

从杨丽娟事件看介入式报道的不当对大学生等青少年群体媒介素养的影响

文章回顾了在杨丽娟事件中媒体的介入性报道的种种失误表现,指出了介入性报道对事件的演进过程和悲剧性结局的不当干预作用和影响。文章认为,媒体在使用介入性报道时,必须谨慎小心,坚持新闻报道的客观公正原则,选择正确的报道方法,以期对当代大学生等青少年群体媒介素养有积极的影响。     

Reprint of “Modelling the resilience,friability and costs of an air transport network affected by a large-scale disruptive event”

This paper deals with developing a methodology for estimating the resilience, friability, and costs of an air transport network affected by a large-scale disruptive event. The network consists of airports and airspace/air routes between them where airlines operate their flights. Resilience is considered as the ability of the network to neutralize the impacts of disruptive event(s). Friability implies reducing the network’s existing resilience due to removing particular nodes/airports and/or links/air routes, and consequently cancelling the affected airline flights. The costs imply additional expenses imposed on airports, airlines, and air passengers as the potentially most affected actors/stakeholders due to mitigating actions such as delaying, cancelling and rerouting particular affected flights. These actions aim at maintaining both the network’s resilience and safety at the acceptable level under given conditions.Large scale disruptive events, which can compromise the resilience and friability of a given air transport network, include bad weather, failures of particular (crucial) network components, the industrial actions of the air transport staff, natural disasters, terrorist threats/attacks and traffic incidents/accidents.The methodology is applied to the selected real-life case under given conditions. In addition, this methodology could be used for pre-selecting the location of airline hub airport(s), assessing the resilience of planned airline schedules and the prospective consequences, and designing mitigating measures before, during, and in the aftermath of a disruptive event. As such, it could, with slight modifications, be applied to transport networks operated by other transport modes.     

铁路客运站视频监控系统中的行人逆行异常事件检测算法研究

由于铁路客运站的许多区域要求行人单向运动,因此检测视频中是否出现行人逆行异常事件,是保证铁路客运站拥有安全稳定乘车秩序的重要手段.鉴于此,本文提出了一种逆行异常事件的检测算法,首先基于HoG特征进行行人检测,随后利用mean-shift算法对目标进行实时跟踪,并通过判断其运动方向是否与规定方向一致,最终实现对逆行异常事件的检测.实验结果表明,该方法既能显著降低运算的复杂度,又能明显提高检测的准确率.     

Measuring the performance of airport resilience to severe weather events

The increased severe weather events in recent years as a result of global climate change has created a substantial challenge for aviation system operation. Although transportation engineers and planners have attempted to improve system resilience through the adaptation of new technologies and the implementation of various strategies to achieve effective risk management, it remains unclear how resilience performance (measured by the speed of recovery) of airports varies in different severe weather events and what factors may explain such variations. This paper addresses these fundamental questions using the aviation system in China as an example. A resilience metric, which reflects the speed of recovery (bounce back) from a shock, was developed to measure the performance of airport resilience under various severe weather conditions. In addition, an empirical econometric analysis was conducted based on a dataset that includes both detailed aviation performance and weather conditions for the period of October 2016 – September 2017. The research findings show that airport resilience to severe weather events does vary substantially based on factors, such as weather conditions, airport capacity, and the level of modal substitution. In particular, the recovery time of air services in central and south China tends to be relatively longer in thunderstorms than other weather conditions. The study also confirms that modal substitution is a very effective resilience tactic of the transportation system as the recovery speed of air service was found to be faster by 22.9% if an alternative mode, such as high-speed rail (HSR) service was also available in the city.     

对称Alpha稳定分布噪声下的Duffing振子检测方法

Duffing振子是利用系统对与策动力同频的小信号敏感而对噪声免疫实现微弱信号检测,特定分布下的噪声激励Duffing振子系统不会发生相变是应用该方法的前提条件。文中主要研究了服从Alpha稳定分布的噪声激励Duffing振子产生相变的鲁棒性问题,研究结果表明Duffing振子相变在Alpha稳定分布源的激励下为小概率事件。为消除小概率相变的影响,利用多支路并行检测及多数判决准则对常规的Duffing振子检测方法进行改进,即将待测信号分段截短周期延拓后送入多个并行Duffing振子检测单元,若检测单元多数发生相变,必然是由于弱目标信号而非噪声激励所致,即可判定检测信号中包含目标小信号。将该方法应用于水下目标回波信号的检测中,实测数据处理结果验证了该方法是有效的。     

基于GIS的高速公路交通事件信息管理系统设计及应用

从高速公路交通事件信息管理系统的构成人手,逐步从系统功能、软件模块结构到实现方法的选择进行了研究;并介绍了交通事件信息管理系统设计的开发与实施的方法。在分析地理信息系统软件应用的基础上,开发了交通事件信息管理系统应用平台,并通过了方案实施,证明了系统的可行性,且具有实际应用价值。     

用于反应堆动态概率风险评价的事件序列图研究

动态概率风险评价的研究方法理论性强、技术难度高、掌握运用困难,从而限制了其实际应用。在Cassini任务PRA的基础上,对事件序列图方法进行拓展和完善,采用事件序列图方法进行反应堆动态概率风险评价,研究反应堆事故中动态因素对系统和事故发展进程及其后果的影响。通过对反应堆冷却剂系统失流事故的分析,阐述事件序列图法在反应堆事故分析中的应用过程。事件序列图分析提供了足够的系统动态信息,易于工程技术人员理解、掌握和应用,适合于大型系统的动态概率风险评价。     

基于行为矫正理论的大型社会活动人群应急疏散

从个体行为出发,通过群集中的人行为规律的分析与评价,提出了基于行为矫正理论的人群安全疏散和管理,通过对人群行为的有效干预和管理,可以改正人群的不安全行为,以达到降低人群聚集时的风险.所提出的研究方法,可以为大型社会活动的组织如即将到来的08北京奥运会提供依据.     

地铁突发事件的应对措施初步研究

结合伦敦地铁大爆炸事件,分析了国外地铁应对突发事件的现状,指出目前地铁安全运营在安检系统、结构设计、管理体系等方面存在的缺陷。地铁应对突发事件可以从灾前预防和灾后救援两方面入手。提出了完善结构设计(如增设救援专用通道、增设地铁与临近建筑的联络通道等),以及建立高效的调度系统等预防措施,并给出了救援预案。