Effect of ulinastatin on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods Totally 24 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operated control group (SO group), ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R group) and ulinastatin group (UTI group). Liver in I/R group underwent 1 h of reperfasion after 30 min of ischemia. In UTI group, UTI (2×104 U/kg) was administered to rats 30 min before modeling. The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum were measured and the levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in liver were determined. The histological changes of liver were observed. Results The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and TNF-α in serum were significantly increased in I/R group compared with those in UTI group (P<0.05). The levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in liver were significantly higher in I/R group than in UTI group (P<0.05).Histological examination of liver indicated that the damages were more severe in I/R group than in UTI group.Conclusion UTI has the ability to inhibit the production of TNF-α and oxyradical, and ameliorate microcirculatory dysfunction in rats with hepatic ischemia-reperfasion injury.     

客车乘客座椅布置对乘员损伤影响的试验研究

基于ADR68／00法规的座椅动态试验方法,针对某款客车相邻两排乘客座椅,制定三种相对布置的动态试验方案,研究乘客座椅布置对乘员损伤的影响。结果表明,与相邻两排座椅布置状态一致相比,相邻两排座椅如存在横向偏移、高度差则将增大乘员头部和胸部的伤害风险;高度差将降低乘员腿部伤害风险．横向偏移将增大腿部的伤害风险。     

碰撞试验中乘员颈部运动及其受力分析

汽车碰撞交通事故发生时,人体各个部位都会受到不同程度的伤害。人们通过事故统计、生物力学分析等途径试图更加深入了解事故发生时人体受伤害的过程,以便对车辆的安全性能做出相应的改进,降低事故发生时人体受到损伤的程度。颈部的伤害是车辆发生碰撞时人体较易发生的伤害之一,通过对碰撞发生时颈部运动分析,从实际人体结构及试验用假人结构等方面着手,结合实车碰撞试验的具体数据,力求更加清晰地了解颈部伤害的过程,为进一步的试验分析提供有益的理论基础。     

兰新铁路路基温度场和水分场耦合数值分析

主要分析了兰新铁路冻害机理,阐述了铁路冻害主要影响因素是土质、水分和温度.考虑温度变化对水分迁移机理的作用,通过Geostudio软件建立温度场和水分场耦合模型,对兰新铁路路基进行水热耦合模拟和数值分析,得出一个冻融循环周期内冻土路基温度场和水分场的分布解.通过计算与实测数据可以得出在温度梯度条件下,水分发生了重分布现象,且是造成路基冻害的主要原因.同时结合兰新铁路的实际情况,提出了阻止水分迁移是解决路基冻胀的主要措施.     

外伤后基底节梗塞的实验及临床研究

采用经颈部向颅内插入及再拔出尼龙线的方法复制了鼠基底节梗塞，并观察了基底节区的血管密度。结合临床资料发现，外伤后基底节梗塞的发生与基底节区血管的构铸特点、颈总动脉（ＣＣＡ）或（及）颈内动脉（ＩＣＡ）的病变以及外伤对其的进一步影响有密切关系。     

血清CPK、LDH、GOT和LAP活性对急性颅脑损伤的诊断价值

对８０例急性颅脑损伤患者血清ＣＰＫ、ＬＤＨ、ＧＯＴ和ＬＡＰ活性进行了测定。结果显示，急性颅脑损伤后血清ＣＰＫ和ＬＤＨ活性显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），而血清ＧＯＴ和ＬＡＰＩ活性升高不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５），至于血清酶活性对判断急性颅脑损伤的脑损伤程度和患者预后的价值有待继续探讨。     

高氧液预处理对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨高氧液预处理对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法30只家兔随机分为三组:假手术组(A组,n=10),缺血再灌注组(B组,n=10)及高氧液预处理组(C组,n=10)。C组每天静脉给予15mL/kg高氧液,20min内匀速泵完,连续7d;A组及B组以同样方法给予等量生理盐水,最后一次处理结束后,制作心肌缺血再灌注(I/R)模型。A组只穿线,不结扎冠脉。记录心电图和血流动力学指标,在结扎前、结扎即刻、结扎后30min,再灌注1、2、3h分别测定血清丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果C组能明显降低心电图S-T段的升高程度并改善血流动力学参数,较B组显著缩小梗死范围(P<0.05)。与A组比较,B组血清SOD活性呈逐渐下降趋势,MDA含量则呈逐渐增高的趋势(P<0.05)。C组各时间段上述各指标均有所恢复。结论高氧液预处理对家兔在体心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有明显的保护作用。     

接触网“V”形天窗停电作业触电伤害与预防

针对在繁忙干线电气化区段实行接触网＂V＂形天窗停电作业发生的触电伤害进行了整体分析,并提出了一些相应的意见和建议,为牵引供电系统的安全运行和维护提供借鉴。     

EXPRESSION OF NESTIN AND GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN IN DIFFERENT PERIOD AFTER SPINAL INJURY IN ADULT RATS

Objective To study the expression of Nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in different period after spinal injury in adult rats. Methods Animal moels were created by artery clamp. Expression of Nestin and GFAP in different period ( 1,3,5days; 1-8 weeks) and different area( injury locus and its surrounding tissue ) after spinal injury were observed pathologicaly using immunofluorescence and LeicaQ5001W imaging processing system.Results There was expression of Nestin and GFAP in injured area 1 day after injury. The expression increased not only in in injured area but its sourrounding 3--7 days later and gradually got to peak value. As the time went on, expression of Nestin and GFAP dereased. Conclusion Spinal injury can induce the expression of Nestin. Nerve stem cell has response to spinal injury. There is positive correlation between expression of Nestin and hyperplasia of reactivity astrocyte. Nerve stem cell maybe invovled in the repair of central nervous system (CNS).     

Severity of pedestrian injuries due to traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong: a Bayesian spatial logit model

The present study intended to (1) investigate the injury risk of pedestrian casualties involved in traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong; (2) determine the effect of pedestrian volumes on the severity levels of pedestrian injuries; and (3) explore the role of spatial correlation in econometric crash‐severity models. The data from 1889 pedestrian‐related crashes at 318 signalized intersections between 2008 and 2012 were elaborately collected from the Traffic Accident Database System maintained by the Hong Kong Transport Department. To account for the cross‐intersection heterogeneity, a Bayesian hierarchical logit model with uncorrelated and spatially correlated random effects was developed. An intrinsic conditional autoregressive prior was specified for the spatial correlation term. Results revealed that (1) signalized intersections with greater pedestrian volumes generally exhibited a lower injury risk; (2) ignoring the spatial correlation potentially results in reduced model goodness‐of‐fit, an underestimation of variability and standard error of parameter estimates, as well as inconsistent, biased, and erroneous inference; (3) special attention should be paid to the following factors, which led to a significantly higher probability of pedestrians being killed or sustaining severe injury: pedestrian age greater than 65 years, casualties with head injuries, crashes that occurred on footpaths that were not obstructed/overcrowded, heedless or inattentive crossing, crashes on the two‐way carriageway, and those that occurred near tram or light‐rail transit stops. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.