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ABSTRACTThe advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics. 相似文献
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介绍了ZPW-2000A轨道电路部分窜频现象的分析及处理方法,通过这些方法能够有效判断ZPW-2000A设备故障发生的处所及可能原因. 相似文献
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葛方华 《铁路通信信号工程技术》2013,(5):26-29
在信号系统的设计、制造、施工、调试等阶段进行安全保障很重要。重点介绍按照欧洲铁路安全标准对铁道信号系统进行交叉接收以及安全管理。 相似文献
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为研究城市交通系统中宽扁梁的动力性能,由明德林(Mindlin)板理论退化得到板梁的控制方程,并推导出两端简支和两端固支板梁的自由振动特征方程,然后分别求解其自振频率和模态,并将计算结果与铁木辛科(Timoshenko)梁、Mindlin板的结果进行对比,总结板梁方程的梁宽适用范围并考虑泊松比对宽梁自由振动的影响。分析表明:相较Timoshenko梁方程,板梁方程更贴近Mindlin板的计算结果,尤其是前5阶自振频率,更适于较大泊松比的宽梁结构动力分析。 相似文献
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杨涛 《铁路通信信号工程技术》2012,9(6):46-48,61
介绍了多输出单端反激开关电源的设计方法,该方法适用于计算机联锁系统辅助电源的设计。分析多输出单端反激电源的工作原理,双闭环控制方式和工作模式;详细阐述了高频变压器的设计方法以及关键元器件和电路参数设计。该方法设计出的电源符合计算机联锁系统辅助电源性能要求,具有很大的实际工程价值。 相似文献
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This paper assumes that activities at the home and work location are important determinants of individuals' paths through time and space. Fixed activities at these locations determine to a large extent the duration and timing of time windows – blocks of time available for participation in travel and out-of-home non-work activities. Taking the time spent at home and at the workplace as a starting point, this paper classifies activity patterns on workdays into six groups with distinct home- and work-stay patterns. For this, data are used from the 1998 Netherlands National Travel Survey. The six clusters vary in terms of the duration and timing of time windows and some of the differences can be explained by commute characteristics, types of non-work activities performed, workers' sociodemographic attributes, and their spatiotemporal environment. However, the impact of sociodemographic and spatiotemporal variables on cluster membership is shown to be weak. 相似文献
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ZPW-2000A系列低频信号丰富、载频种类多,专用测试机具价格贵。因此,提出将录音技术用于铁路频率信号测试领域,建立标准频率信号资源库,替代低频信号源。以ZPW-2000A、UM71系列设备的检测为例,介绍标准频率信号资源库的原理、制作和应用。 相似文献