车辆转向架全域应力推演与实时监控

为了提高疲劳强度评定和疲劳寿命预测的可靠性与精度, 基于结构可测位置应力提出了全域应力推演方法进行任意位置的应力预测。引入了基于无网格计算的径向基函数插值理论, 建立了新的插值域选择规则, 改进了传统Multi-Quadric(M-Q)径向基函数。为了验证改进的M-Q径向基函数的插值性能, 在对转向架构架施加横向载荷为58 kN, 牵引载荷为55 kN, 垂向载荷为85 kN, 选取了应力不可直接测量的8个位置, 分别采用改进的M-Q径向基函数与薄板样条(TPS)径向基函数进行插值精度比较。分析结果表明: 采用改进的M-Q径向基函数预测的应力最大相对误差为0.090 6%, 平均相对误差为0.028 4%, 采用TPS径向基函数预测的应力最大相对误差为1.611 3%, 平均相对误差为0.604 2%, 因此, 采用改进的M-Q径向基函数推演转向架构架应变片不可测位置应力的计算精度远优于采用TPS径向基函数的精度; 结合改进的M-Q径向基函数插值算法, 开发了一套车辆转向架全域应力推演和实时监控系统(TPL Monitoring), 具有良好的交互性、实时性和可扩展性。     

水面舰船破损稳性的概率评估方法

水面舰船生命力的主要影响因素之一是舰船遭遇不同武器破坏下的薄弱性,而薄弱性主要由破损稳性决定。目前,舰船破损稳性评估主要运用确定性方法,但该方法不能全面评估舰船破损稳性。为了更加客观、全面地评估舰船破损稳性,探讨水面舰船破损稳性评估的概率方法,提出变区间线性插值计算残存概率S_i的新方法并开发计算程序。以某水面舰船为例,计算各种破损情况的进水概率P_i以及残存概率S_i,并累加所有破损情况P_i和S_i的乘积,得到分舱指数A。研究表明：通过将分舱指数A作为评估指标并考虑不同武器和碰撞的综合破坏效应,概率方法可以实现水面舰船破损稳性定量且整体的评估,能为舰船初步设计阶段主船体的分舱优化以致提高舰船生命力提供一种解决途径。     

一种地基沉降计算新方法

针对传统地基沉降计算方法中的查表、查图等繁琐工作已引起误差的问题,基于规范的分层总和法原理,采用Lagrange插值多项式拟合室内土工试验中的e-p关系曲线。通过附加应力p在土层深度z的原始分布函数,建立地基沉降量s与土层深度z的关系函数,并进行地基沉降计算。该方法中地基计算深度、分层厚度及数量不受限制,消除了传统计算中计算深度、分层厚度、查表、查图等引起的误差,简单高效,对基础工程设计工作具有较好的应用价值。     

C~(++)实时数控系统程序的研制

对计算机数控系统的系统程序统一采用C~(++)语言进行设计,其中采样插补程序采用浮点运算。实践证明,该方案有效,可行,即加快了研制速度,又使软件系统便于扩充与维护。     

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高速公路通过能力一般被认为是车流与流速或车流与车流密度关系曲线上的最高点。在过去的研究与应用中,仅这两个曲线中的一条被用来估计通过能力。隐含于另外一条没有被采用的曲线中的信息会由此而浪费。如果这两条曲线被分开来估计的话,就会有两个不同的通过能力估计值。同时应该注意到,既使是仅用一条曲线时,分别对应于车流堵塞与非堵塞的两个曲线段也是通常分开来估计的。这同样存在信息缺失问题。本研究采用样条回归模型同时估计两个曲线。其中,每一曲线被表达成两个直线方程的组合。为采用此法,本研究提出并编写了计算机最优化算法。该优化算法不仅估计两条曲线和两组直线方程,而且同时给出唯一通过能力值。应用该算法得出的计算结果显示这一高速公路通过能力估计方法是可行的。     

A new model for simulation of cold roll-forming of tubes by using spline finite strip method

A new model,called object model,for the simulation of cold roll-forming of tubes is presented.The model inherits the advantages of old models and is the embodiment of forming process that the strip is rolled step by step from feed rollers to last rolling pass.The elastic-plastic large deformation spline finite strip method based on updated Lagrangian method has been developed by improving the stiffness and transition matrix.Combined theory formulas and new analytical model,the forming process of a tube has ...     

二次B样条曲线的反问题求解

本文给出二次均匀 B 样条曲线反问题解法的两种计算格式,并给出稳定性分析;导出二次非均匀 B 样条曲线的矩阵表达式及反问题求解方法.     

Multivariate assimilation in MERCATOR project: New statistical parameters from forecast error estimation

The new operational prototype of Mercator (french Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment contribution) is composed of a North Atlantic primitive equation ocean model OPA (Ocean Parallel Algorithm between 20°S and 70°N, [Madec, G., P. Delecluse, M. Imbard and C. Lévy (1998). OPA8.1 ocean general circulation model reference manuel. Notes du pôle de modélisation IPSL. n°11: 91p]) and of a multivariate and multidata assimilation scheme [De Mey, P. and M. Benkiran (2002). “A multivariate reduced-order optimal interpolation method and its application in Mediterranean basin-scale circulation.” Ocean Forecasting : Conceptual basis and application, Pinardi, N., Springer Verlag.] This system has already given some significant improvements from previous Mercator configurations (M. Benkiran, personal communication). However some biases on ocean state still remain in the tropics where the reduced-order optimal interpolation scheme is suspected to be ill-parameted in the model forecast error. Indeed the guess error covariance matrix is decomposed into an error variance value and a spatio-temporal correlation function which are assumed to have some “good” properties (spatial homogeneity of the correlation function, constant ratio between signal and error variance). This study shows how we can use ensemble methods to validate these assumptions. We can see that the correlation function can reach negative values locally, mostly in regions of high variability contradictory with the homogeneous hypothesis. The reduced space used in the operational configuration is based on the signal seasonal Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs). An empirical relationship between signal and error variance has been set and the correlation function is the same on every dimension of the reduced space. By projection of the estimated guess error variance onto the reduced space, we find a repartition of this quantity quite different to what was set in the system. The error statistics is found to be inhomogeneous compared to hypothesis made in the assimilation scheme. These two new parameters tested separately in the assimilation scheme gives significant improvements of the forecast and analysis results. This is particularly obvious in the tropics. But relationship between signal and error statistics (as assumed in the optimal interpolation) is found to be complex.     

三次样条曲线在山区公路线形设计中的应用

针对山区公路立交匝道选线难、线路控制难等问题,提出了将三次样条曲线应用于道路线形设计中,通过MATLAB软件对地形图上的控制点录入进行插值运算,模拟出路线的走向得到曲线的曲率变化规律.采用本方法能更好地满足公路设计中的路线连续、曲率连续、曲率变化率连续要求.用三次样条曲线设计道路线形可取得良好的成果.     

基于颜色差分特性的图像篡改检测

由于自然场景中目标物体表面的反射特性,以及图像采集过程中的CFA插值算法会使得图像三颜色分量之间具有相关性,特别是颜色分量的高频信息之间有近似相等的关系.拼接篡改操作会降低颜色高频分量的谱间相关性,同时也会给图像带来额外的高频信息.本文利用自然图像颜色通道高频分量之间的相关性,分析颜色差分图像中高频信息的分布情况来检测是否有拼接篡改操作.实验证明本文提取的高频特征分类效果较好,能够检测出图像的拼接篡改边缘.