改进振动法在地下工程动力时程计算中的应用

地下工程受到周围土体的约束作用,其动力反映与地面工程有所区别,如将源于地面工程的振动法用于地下工程的动力时程计算分析,需要进行相应的改进.文章通过计算分析发现,振动法用于地下工程动力时程计算时,在计算模型边界条件和波动传播时间效应方面不能反映波动对地下工程作用的实质；通过对比分析,在这两个方面对常规振动法进行了改进；提出了适用于地下工程动力时程计算的改进振动法.该方法的计算模型采用左右两侧粘弹性底部固定的人工边界条件,波动输入采用能够反映波动传播时间效应的分层加速度动态输入法,其计算分析结果与理论解吻合较好,适用于地下工程的动力时程计算分析.     

桩-土作用在大型旅客站房基础设计中的应用

当大型旅客站房基础与地下出站通道重叠时,由于地下出站通道刚度大、结构超长,且属半露天地下结构,对温度作用变化明显,利用传统的刚性固结模型对站房基础进行设计时较难得到合理的结果或造成巨大的浪费。论述桩-土作用机理的复杂性,并对桩-土作用力学模型进行分析。通过分布弹簧模型对旅客站房在温度作用下的结构内力进行分析,并与刚性固结模型计算结果进行对比,得出旅客站房基础设计考虑桩-土作用的合理化计算模式。     

兰州市五人制足球运动开展现状调查分析

本文运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法对兰州市五人制足球运动的开展规模、教练员情况、场地设施、社会参与人群状况等问题进行调查分析,提出了针对性建议,旨在为进一步推动兰州市五人制足球的健康快速发展,同时促进兰州市足球运动的普及与提高尽一份力。     

Will a driving restriction policy reduce car trips?—The case study of Beijing,China

A driving restriction policy, as one of the control-and-command rationing measures, is a politically acceptable policy tool to address traffic congestion and air pollution in some countries and cities in the world. Beijing is the first city in China to implement this policy. A one-day-a-week driving restriction scheme was expected to take 20% of cars off the road every week day. Using household survey and travel diary data, we analyze the short-term effect of this driving restriction policy on individual travel mode choice. The data also allow us to identify which demographic groups are more likely to break the restriction rule. The estimates reveal that the restriction policy in Beijing does not have significant influence on individuals’ decisions to drive, as compared with the policy’s influence on public transit. The rule-breaking behavior is constant and pervasive. We found that 47.8% of the regulated car owners didn’t follow the restriction rules, and drove “illegally” to their destination places. On average, car owners who traveled during peak hours and/or for work trips, and whose destinations were farther away from the city center or subway stations, were more likely to break the driving restriction rules. Therefore, Beijing is probably in need of more comprehensive and palatable policy instruments (e.g., a combination of congestion tolls, parking fees, fuel taxes, and high-speed transit facilities) to effectively alleviate traffic congestion and air pollution.     

Accessibility and transport infrastructure improvement assessment: The role of borders and multilateral resistance

The market potential indicator is a commonly used tool in transport planning for evaluating the potential economic effects derived from improvements in transport infrastructures. The general assumption is that exports from a given region will rise with increased accessibility, thus benefiting economic activities. However, the specification of the market potential model is typically very simple and ignores both the impact of competing rivals and the role of international borders, which leads to unrealistic results. Spatial interaction models on bilateral trade have already proved that international trade is affected by multilateral resistance, borders, adjacency, language or currency. Nevertheless, apart from some recent analyses that simply calibrate the distance decay parameter from trade datasets, these variables have hardly been integrated into research on market potential. This paper sets out to demonstrate that more realistic results are obtained by calibrating the distance-decay parameter and introducing the impact of competing rivals and border effects into the market potential formulation. The proposed model is then applied to the assessment of the accessibility impacts of new road transport infrastructure in the European Union between 2001 and 2012, which shows that the greatest improvements in accessibility were experienced by peripheral countries with high road infrastructure investment.     

Evolving competition between Hong Kong and Shenzhen ports

Shenzhen Port (SZP), once a negligible local port, has risen dramatically to a world-leading container port and an “equal” player with Hong Kong Port (HKP). Will this market share reallocation continue, or will equilibrium be eventually realized for HKP to prosper continuously? We examine the relationship between these two ports to answer this question. We propose a new transformation method to describe the growth of container cargo transport demand, define the quantitative measures of the competition relationship and port competitiveness, and present a rigorous analytical framework with econometric tests and models to understand the true relationship between HKP and SZP. Direct empirical tests suggest that SZP complements HKP; however, the two ports exhibit strong competition when the effect of demand growth is excluded. Considering transshipment separately, we find that the impact of SZP on HKP is negative in transshipment but complementary in direct shipment. We may conclude that HKP does not affect SZP, whereas SZP has competitive power over HKP. These results are consistent with the findings of some previous theoretical studies.     

中频电源逆变换相失败保护的研究

分析了并联逆变型晶闸管中频电源产生换相失败的原因,提出老换相失败保护新措施,经过实验和实践结果表明,新措施对各种原因产生的换相失败均有保护作用,且简单实用、效果良好。     

整体式桥台的箱梁剪滞效应分析

针对整体式桥台的箱梁固有的力学特性,建立有限元模型,对其在不同荷载作用下剪滞系数的横向和纵向分布规律进行研究,并将结果与普通简支箱梁进行比较。通过有机玻璃模型试验验证了有限元建模分析的可行性、准确性,同时作了参数分析,提出了可供工程设计参考的实用剪滞系数计算表。分析结果表明:该类箱梁剪滞分布与普通简支箱梁的不同主要在于桥台附近截面出现了负剪滞现象;整体式桥台的纵向抗弯刚度、主梁宽跨比、宽高比及不同荷载形式等是影响该类桥梁剪滞系数的主要因素。     

水位下降对边(滑)坡稳定性的影响

通过PLAXIS有限元程序对一边坡算例进行分析,根据实际工程的需要选择理想弹塑性模型和莫尔-库仑屈服准则进行数值模拟,并对比分析了土体分别设置为排水条件和不排水条件时的情况。计算结果表明,当土体设置为排水条件时,在库水水位下降过程中,安全系数随水位的下降逐渐减小,但当水位下降了20 m以后,由于孔隙水压力给滑面提供了竖直方向的作用力,随着水位的继续下降安全系数反而略有上升。当土体设置为不排水条件时,坡体内产生的超孔隙水压力对边坡安全系数的降低更为明显。考虑坡体内超孔隙水压力时安全系数的计算结果比不考虑坡体内超孔隙水压力时的计算结果低10%左右,因此实际工程中应该充分考虑超孔隙水压力的积累和消散,并根据"最不利水位"所对应的安全系数进行校核。在计算过程中PLAXIS程序能较好地模拟水位下降引起的渗流作用对边(滑)坡稳定性的影响。