西非海域外输系统中输油管的疲劳分析

外输系统在深水油田开发中得到了广泛应用,而其中输油管的疲劳问题是外输系统设计分析的关键。针对西非深水海域外输系统中的输油管展开疲劳特性分析,基于典型西非海况下外输系统整体时域耦合分析结果,对输油管时域应力曲线采用雨流计数法进行分析,然后根据合适的S-N曲线和Miner线性准则对输油管进行疲劳损伤计算。分析内容包括西非海域不同的环境条件对输油管疲劳的作用,穿梭油轮系泊情况下输油管的疲劳特性并考虑了横向升力对于输油管疲劳损伤的影响等。通过分析得出与输油管疲劳特性相关的环境参数及造成输油管疲劳损伤的主要因素,为输油管的设计与分析提供参照。     

地铁曲线车站站台建筑限界计算研讨

对地铁地下曲线车站站台建筑限界计算,特别是地下曲线车站站台边缘至车辆轮廓线间允许间隔的检算方法,以及困难条件下站台边缘曲线半径和线路平面曲线半径设计问题进行研讨,并提出在困难条件下,曲线车站站台边缘曲线按与线路曲线同心圆设计,可采用较小的线路曲线半径,以节省工程投资的建议.     

中低速磁浮交通线路最小平曲线半径的合理取值

从乘客舒适度、磁浮列车自身技术要求等角度,对中低速磁浮交通线路规划中的最小平曲线半径进行探讨并得到建议值,为中低速磁浮交通线路相关参数的制定提供参考.     

Experimental study and modeling of car-following behavior under high speed situation

To investigate the car-following behavior under high speed driving conditions, we performed a set of 11-car-platoon experiments on Hefei airport highway. The formation and growth of oscillations have been analyzed and compared with that in low speed situations. It was found that there is considerable heterogeneity for the same driver over different runs of the experiment. This intra-driver heterogeneity was quantitatively depicted by a new index and incorporated in an enhanced two-dimensional intelligent driver model. Using both the new high-speed and the previous low-speed experimental data, the new and three existing models were calibrated. Simulation results show that the enhanced model outperforms the three existing car-following models that do not take into account this intra-driver heterogeneity in reproducing the essential features of the traffic in the experiments.     

公路平曲线设计在工程可行性研究阶段的探讨

文章针对工程可行性研究阶段的公路平面设计特点,介绍利用小计算器确定平曲线的平面设计方法,为提高工程可行性研究阶段设计的工作效率及质量提供参考。     

Evolution of the household vehicle fleet: Anticipating fleet composition, PHEV adoption and GHG emissions in Austin, Texas

In today’s world of volatile fuel prices and climate concerns, there is little study on the relationship between vehicle ownership patterns and attitudes toward vehicle cost (including fuel prices and feebates) and vehicle technologies. This work provides new data on ownership decisions and owner preferences under various scenarios, coupled with calibrated models to microsimulate Austin’s personal-fleet evolution.Opinion survey results suggest that most Austinites (63%, population-corrected share) support a feebate policy to favor more fuel efficient vehicles. Top purchase criteria are price, type/class, and fuel economy. Most (56%) respondents also indicated that they would consider purchasing a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) if it were to cost $6000 more than its conventional, gasoline-powered counterpart. And many respond strongly to signals on the external (health and climate) costs of a vehicle’s emissions, more strongly than they respond to information on fuel cost savings.Twenty five-year simulations of Austin’s household vehicle fleet suggest that, under all scenarios modeled, Austin’s vehicle usage levels (measured in total vehicle miles traveled or VMT) are predicted to increase overall, along with average vehicle ownership levels (both per household and per capita). Under a feebate, HEVs, PHEVs and Smart Cars are estimated to represent 25% of the fleet’s VMT by simulation year 25; this scenario is predicted to raise total regional VMT slightly (just 2.32%, by simulation year 25), relative to the trend scenario, while reducing CO₂ emissions only slightly (by 5.62%, relative to trend). Doubling the trend-case gas price to $5/gallon is simulated to reduce the year-25 vehicle use levels by 24% and CO₂ emissions by 30% (relative to trend).Two- and three-vehicle households are simulated to be the highest adopters of HEVs and PHEVs across all scenarios. The combined share of vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), and cross-over utility vehicles (CUVs) is lowest under the feebate scenario, at 35% (versus 47% in Austin’s current household fleet). Feebate-policy receipts are forecasted to exceed rebates in each simulation year.In the longer term, gas price dynamics, tax incentives, feebates and purchase prices along with new technologies, government-industry partnerships, and more accurate information on range and recharging times (which increase customer confidence in EV technologies) should have added effects on energy dependence and greenhouse gas emissions.     

初始条件对驾驶员逐日路径选择行为和网络交通流演化的影响

从查阅到的文献可以看到,在驾驶员逐日路径选择行为及网络交通流演化的研究中,均假定驾驶员第1天对路径的理解行程时间相同,也即初始条件中没有考虑驾驶员的个体差异性。首先,对初始条件和驾驶员逐日路径选择过程建模,在2条平行路径的简单路网中,运用Agent仿真方法模拟了不同初始条件下驾驶员逐日路径选择过程。结果表明：路网达到平衡所需的时间与驾驶员对历史信息的依赖程度显著相关,而与第1天驾驶员对路径行程时间理解的相关差异性不显著;路网平衡和用户平衡的差别与两者均显著相关。虽然在不同情况下路网均能够达到近似的用户平衡状态,但是平衡时驾驶员对2条路径的理解行程时间存在较大差异。     

应用弦长与弦方位角、切线方位角推算公路曲线坐标

该文阐述了利用公路曲线上某已知点、弦长及其方位角推算公路曲线未知点的基本思路、计算公式;并结合集丰高速公路某处曲线的坐标计算作了说明。     

自动驾驶中座椅旋转速度对乘员的影响

为提高自动驾驶车辆的安全性,提出用一种旋转速度曲线把座椅旋转至指定角度,研究此旋转速度下的乘员生物力学响应.首先,根据所建立的碰撞模型与假人试验数据进行对比验证;其次,改变座椅旋转方向和速度研究乘员旋转至指定位置乘员的生物力学响应.结果表明:在200 ms内采用等腰梯形旋转速度曲线旋转至±45°和±90°不会引起乘员额...     

温拌沥青短期老化温度与老化性能研究

分析老化温度对温拌沥青性能的影响,采用黏温曲线以及控制空隙率的方法,探索温拌沥青的最佳拌和温度,从而确定温拌沥青的最佳薄膜烘箱老化温度为154℃.采用154 ℃评价温拌沥青的老化性能较高,可以在较低温度下施工,拌和出的沥青混合料性能满足相关指标要求,较为节能且环保.