套筒补偿器常用型式及其在蒸汽管道上的应用

介绍了套筒补偿器的工作原理和主要型式,分5类说明了套筒补偿器的密封原理及装配形式,列举了各类产品的优缺点。结合实践总结了套筒补偿器的最常见破坏原因。提出了常见的选用及安装注意事项。介绍了无孔注填套筒补偿器在四平昊华化工公司温度310℃、压力为1.0 MPa的过热蒸汽管道上的应用情况,介绍了适用于蒸汽管道使用的套筒补偿器。     

肋骨非均匀排列的圆柱壳振动特性研究

研究了肋骨非均匀排列对加肋圆柱壳振动特性的影响。首先,以安德森定域效应的原理为基础,肋骨间距为随机分布,分析了肋骨非均匀排列时圆柱壳的振动特性,然后,采用两种肋骨间距,交替排列,构造整个圆柱壳的肋骨不等间距排列形式,两种肋骨间距的确定方法是:保持两种肋骨间距的总和不变,逐步增大两者的间距差,从而增加相邻的肋骨间的两个圆环结构的固有频率差,直至固有频率差趋于不变,最终确定了两种肋骨间距。分别计算并对比分析了肋骨等间距和不等间距排列的圆柱壳的均方振速,结果表明:肋骨不等间距排列具有一定的减振效果。     

钻孔咬合桩的质量控制与水利工程中的应用分析

钻孔咬合桩工艺在城市部分地铁、隧道工程围护结构中已取得了成功的经验,随着该工艺在上海水利工程(外滩滨水改造工程)中的成功应用,其防渗止水优越性得以充分体现。该文通过外滩滨水改造工程实例,进一步论述其质量控制要点,并分析该工艺在水利工程应用中的推广问题。     

基于BEM/FEM计算浸水结构振动特性

应用直接边界元和有限元方法分析水下结构体的固有频率和振动特性,根据边界元理论编译出相应的程序来计算水下结构的附加质量矩阵,将附加质量矩阵与现有的有限元程序相结合,分析水下结构体的固有频率和振动特性,以浸没于流体介质中的圆柱壳为例,通过与近似理论值的对比验证了数值计算结果的可靠性,表明流体介质改变了结构的振动特性.     

几何制造误差对圆柱壳声辐射影响的数值仿真分析

通过ANSYS和SYSNOISE有限元软件对含有制造几何误差的圆柱壳体进行仿真建模和声辐射计算并与理想状态的完善圆柱壳体结果进行对比.查看由不同形式的几何误差所带来的对声辐射的影响,并得出其声辐射有着随几何误差增大而增大的规律.     

Experimental Investigation of TARMAX Model for Modeling of Hydrodynamic Forces on Cylinder-like Structures

A new approach that models lift and drag hydrodynamic force signals operating over cylindrical structures was developed and validated. This approach is based on stochastic auto regressive moving average with exogenous (ARMAX) input and its time-varying form, TARMAX. Model structure selection and parameter estimation were discussed while considering the validation stage. In this paper, the cylindrical structure was considered as a dynamic system with an incoming water wave and resulting forces as the input a...     

加肋圆柱壳制造误差对声学性能的影响研究

利用有限元软件ANSYS和边界元软件Sysnoise对加肋圆柱壳建造中可能产生的椭圆度、轴线倾斜、舱壁倾斜偏移的多种误差进行仿真计算,分析制造过程中产生的不同尺寸误差模型的系统声辐射特性。结果表明,声功率随着几何偏差尺寸增大而增大,但在所确定的加工工艺允许的要求范围内,这些偏差对声辐射影响很小,其中椭圆度对结构声学性能的影响较其他两种结构误差稍大。     

袖阀管注浆在顶管沉陷处治工程中的应用

通过分析顶管穿越既有路基引起地基沉陷的原因,应用袖阀管注浆法对顶管穿越影响深度范围内的天然沉积土、路基填土局部松散或脱落层位进行加固处理,并结合具体工程实例分析了加固设计方案,阐述了袖阀管注浆参数的选定、施工工艺以及加固效果的检测。工程实践表明袖阀管注浆法是一种简便可行、值得推广的地基加固方法。     

Does the income elasticity of road traffic depend on the source of income?

An extensive body of literature addresses the income elasticity of road traffic, in which income is typically treated as a homogenous quantity. Here we report evidence of heterogeneity in cross-sectional estimates of the elasticity of vehicle-kilometres of travel (VKT) with respect to income, when household income is disaggregated on the basis of income source.The results are generally intuitive, and show that the cross-sectional income elasticity of road traffic is not homogeneous as is typically specified in transport planning models. We show that in a number of circumstances the cross-sectional elasticity with respect to aggregate household income is of the opposite sign in comparison to more refined estimates of elasticity disaggregated by income source. If further research confirms that the elasticities we report here are causal in nature, neglecting the elemental effects could result in misleading results affecting practical infrastructure-investment and policy decisions, particularly as the mix of income sources shifts (e.g. if, as society ages, pension income increases as a share of all income).These results are of interest to both researchers and forecasters of travel demand, as well as designers of future travel survey instruments; the latter group must decide how to generate data about respondents’ income. Current expert guidance is to collect a single estimate of aggregate income at the household level. Future travel survey design choices will bound the analyses that can be supported by the resulting survey data, and therefore methodological research to re-visit the trade-offs associated with such choices is warranted.     

Estimating flight-level price elasticities using online airline data: A first step toward integrating pricing,demand, and revenue optimization

We estimate flight-level price elasticities using a database of online prices and seat map displays. In contrast to market-level and route-level elasticities reported in the literature, flight-level elasticities can forecast responses in demand due to day-to-day price fluctuations. Knowing how elasticities vary by flight and booking characteristics and in response to competitors’ pricing actions allows airlines to design better promotions. It also allows policy makers the ability to evaluate the impacts of proposed tax increases or time-of-day congestion pricing policies. Our elasticity results show how airlines can design optimal promotions by considering not only which departure dates should be targeted, but also which days of the week customers should be allowed to purchase. Additionally, we show how elasticities can be used by carriers to strategically match a subset of their competitors’ sale fares. Methodologically, we use an approach that corrects for price endogeneity; failure to do so results in biased estimates and incorrect pricing recommendations. Using an instrumental variable approach to address this problem we find a set of valid instruments that can be used in future studies of air travel demand. We conclude by describing how our approach contributes to the literature, by offering an approach to estimate flight-level demand elasticities that the research community needs as an input to more advanced optimization models that integrate demand forecasting, price optimization, and revenue optimization models.