沥青混凝土路面防水剂路用性能试验研究

目前,沥青混凝土路面在我国高速公路建设中得到了广泛的推广和应用,而水损害是沥青混凝土路面早期破坏的主要原因之一。文章通过对沥青混凝土路面防水剂防水性能进行对比试验,表明沥青混凝土防水剂可以有效的封堵沥青混凝土内部孔隙,防止水分进入混凝土内部,可以起到防水路面水损害的作用,同时指出沥青混凝土防水剂对路面抗滑性能存在负面影响等应注意的问题。     

Application of analytical model in the prediction of dynamic responses and fatigue damage of flexible risers: Part II – Dynamic analysis of flexible risers in large-scale domain using a direct moment correction method

In recent years, the dynamic responses of flexible risers have been the focus of many researchers. Most flexible risers undergo a substantial level of irregular motion from environmental loadings, which involves a continuous slip of helical wires. The slip of helical wires especially leads to a hysteretic effect by reducing the bending stiffness, making it hard to predict the dynamic responses of flexible risers. The current study, as an extension to Part I, presents a new large-scale dynamic analysis method for flexible risers. The suggested method creates a large-scale model for the dynamic analysis that considers a geometric and bending nonlinearity of flexible risers. The kinematics of each beam element is formulated based on a Green-Lagrangian strain and the interaction with the seabed, providing a realistic analysis of flexible risers. In particular, the current study introduces a direct moment correction method that modifies the internal force vector using an improved analytical model. The improved analytical model is assigned at each node of the large-scale model and estimates an accurate bending hysteresis curve considering the effect of shear deformation and varying tension. The suggested method corrects the bending moment and shear force of all beam elements based on the bending hysteresis curves obtained from the improved analytical model, by which a complex bending behavior of flexible risers is reflected in a large-scale domain. As a result, this study achieves a more accurate prediction of the dynamic responses and fatigue damage of flexible risers. A new dynamic analysis program, called OPFLEX, is developed herein based on the suggested analysis method. Using the developed program, the current study conducts several numerical investigations to identify the effect of the shear deformation and varying tension. Consequently, it is confirmed that the shear deformation of internal layers reduces the fatigue damage of helical wires by delaying the increase of internal stress. It is also identified that the effect of varying tension deteriorates the fatigue life of flexible risers through a continuous change of contact pressure during bending.     

基于路基工程地质分析原理的灾害识别

通过路基地质灾害的实地调查研究,提出了路基工程地质分析原理,分析了它与路基地质灾害识别之间的基本关系,并以实例说明了路基工程地质分析原理在路基地质灾害识别中的应用。     

A method for estimation of vehicle inertial parameters

In this paper, a new method is presented for estimating the current sprung mass inertial parameters of a vehicle, such as the mass, pitch and roll mass moments of inertia, and lateral and longitudinal centre of gravity locations. The method measures the sprung mass response when the vehicle is driven over an unknown and unmeasured random road profile. From these measurements, the equivalent free-decay responses are extracted and modal analysis techniques used to estimate the sprung mass natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes. This information is combined with a simplified vehicle estimation model, least squares analysis and known equivalent stiffness parameters to estimate the vehicles’ inertial parameters. The results obtained from several simulation examples show that estimates of the inertial parameters generally have small relative errors.     

强迫振动法结构模态参数识别

通过激励结构振动的方法,可以采集到结构的强迫振动时程。再对强迫振动时程采用随机减量法提取自由振动信号,并进行ITD识别,即可得到结构的模态参数。对随机减量技术与ITD识别技术的基本原理进行了介绍,并给出了一个实测信号的识别实例。     

车辆荷载和车道荷载对桥梁结构可靠度的影响

公路桥梁结构的整体计算采用车道荷载,结构的局部计算采用车辆荷载,车辆荷载与车道荷载的作用不得叠加.将采用这2种荷载设计的结构进行可靠度对比,结果表明,按车辆荷载设计的结构满足正常使用功能的可靠度偏低,更容易发生损坏,这些损坏会影响到结构的正常使用.提出通过调整重型车辆通过桥梁时的交通行驶规则,增大结构按正常使用极限状态设计时车辆荷载的代表值,从而提高按车辆荷载设计的结构可靠度.     

公轨两用桥钢混结合段的疲劳荷载参数研究

介绍菜园坝大桥钢混结合段轨道交通疲劳荷载参数确定方法。该方法基于轻轨车辆相遇符合正态分布的假设,采用雨流计数法统计出轨道交通造成钢混接头结构的疲劳内力幅值,然后按照Miner线性累积损伤准则等效成便于试验研究的等幅疲劳荷载。该方法可为同类桥梁设计和研究提供参考。     

沥青混合料拉压疲劳损伤试验

为研究沥青路面结构实际处于拉压应力作用下的疲劳损伤特性,针对沥青混合料AC-13开展了连续式交变正弦波形加载的小梁拉压疲劳试验。依据损伤力学基本理论,采用唯象学方法分析了沥青混合料的拉压疲劳损伤特性。介绍了拉压疲劳试验方法及影响因素,根据疲劳试验结果得到了拉压疲劳方程;基于弹性模量定义的损伤变量,建立了拉压疲劳损伤模型,拟合疲劳试验结果确定了损伤参数,获得了考虑应力水平的拉压疲劳损伤演化方程。研究结果表明:疲劳损伤参数α、β随应力水平增大而增大,且近似呈线性关系;拉压疲劳损伤演化大致呈3阶段变化规律,即损伤萌生、损伤稳定增长和损伤失稳破坏阶段;应力水平越大的损伤演化曲线越靠下,随寿命比变化疲劳损伤演化速度越缓和。     

职业技能鉴定工作的探索与实践

南通中远川崎船舶工程有限公司为建立一支高技能的人才队伍,从2005年开始开展职业技能鉴定工作,通过5年的探索和实践,从提高职业鉴定的认识、注重鉴定质量到严格控制鉴定流程,注重鉴定效果等方面入手,将职业技能鉴定与技能提升紧密结合在一起,迅捷高质的提升了员工的技能水平,拓宽了高技能人才队伍建设的思路。     

基于性能退化的损管模拟器液压系统可靠性评估方法

利用退化数据研究了在退化轨道不能明确表达的情况下动态损管模拟器液压系统可靠性退化的评估方法.通过模拟试验,利用外部可测参数实现了对液压系统性能退化的评估.对性能退化分布曲线进行了分析,得出失效阈值和退化度之间的关系,并对几种不同方法进行了分析比较,说明利用本文方法可以对产品的可靠性评估提供依据.