基于 ADA MS 对某导弹适配器的动力学仿真*

适配器的运动过程分为适配器随弹在发射箱内的运动过程以及导弹出箱适配器与弹的抛离过程,论文主要阐述运用ADAMS对导弹发射过程中导弹适配器的受力和运动过程仿真,采用合理的刚柔耦合模型,把适配器作为柔体处理,并利用相应的流体力学软件求出适配器出筒后受到的阻力,并求出临界分离力,利用ADAMS编辑脚本文件,控制分离过程。仿真结果表明,该模型对导弹适配器运动和受力分析的方法是可行的。     

斜拉桥拉索减振阻尼器对拉索索力测量的影响研究

针对采用频率法测量拉索索力时拉索外加阻尼器对索力测量精度影响的问题,提出了考虑拉索垂度的拉索-阻尼器系统模态频率的分析方法,研究了阻尼器安装的相对高度、拉索的计算长度、阻尼系数等对拉索模态频率的影响程度和规律,获得了消除拉索减振阻尼器对索力测量精度影响的办法。研究表明,外加阻尼器对拉索低阶模态频率影响很大,采用高阶模态频率测量拉索索力时,索力测量能获得很好的精度。随着拉索-阻尼器系统相对安装长度和阻尼系数的增大,阻尼器对拉索模态频率的影响也越大,当阻尼系数增加到一定程度后,拉索的高阶模态频率基本与阻尼系数无穷大时的频率接近,阻尼器相当于固定支撑。以岳阳洞庭湖大桥A11号拉索为例,验证了该方法合理可行。     

多轴车辆——桥梁耦合振动响应的数值解法

针对复杂的车桥耦合振动问题,基于D’Alembert原理导出了3轴5自由度车辆的运动方程,考虑了桥面不平度和车辆与桥梁之间的协调条件,推导了车辆与桥梁的相互作用力,基于模态综合理论建立了3轴移动车辆—桥梁耦合振动的微分方程组,编制分析程序并运用HHT方法进行了数值求解。通过算例和某3跨刚架桥的动载试验研究结果验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。对于复杂的多跨桥梁的振型函数可以通过有限元方法求解然后通过插值函数得到,该方法不仅适用于单跨简支梁,也适用于多跨连续梁桥车桥耦合振动问题的求解,具有过程简单,编程方便,计算速度快,且精度很高,特别适合于工程实际问题的计算。     

深水钻井船锚泊定位分析方法研究

采用准动态方法和动态耦合方法对作业于1 500 m水深的钻井船开展锚泊定位分析,比较两种方法的结果,并研究两种锚泊定位分析方法的特点。研究表明:不同设计阶段采用不同的锚泊定位分析方法能够提高设计的效率和精度。     

An efficient recursive least square-based condition monitoring approach for a rail vehicle suspension system

A model-based condition monitoring strategy for the railway vehicle suspension is proposed in this paper. This approach is based on recursive least square (RLS) algorithm focusing on the deterministic ‘input–output’ model. RLS has Kalman filtering feature and is able to identify the unknown parameters from a noisy dynamic system by memorising the correlation properties of variables. The identification of suspension parameter is achieved by machine learning of the relationship between excitation and response in a vehicle dynamic system. A fault detection method for the vertical primary suspension is illustrated as an instance of this condition monitoring scheme. Simulation results from the rail vehicle dynamics software ‘ADTreS’ are utilised as ‘virtual measurements’ considering a trailer car of Italian ETR500 high-speed train. The field test data from an E464 locomotive are also employed to validate the feasibility of this strategy for the real application. Results of the parameter identification performed indicate that estimated suspension parameters are consistent or approximate with the reference values. These results provide the supporting evidence that this fault diagnosis technique is capable of paving the way for the future vehicle condition monitoring system.     

Establishment and verification of three-dimensional dynamic model for heavy-haul train–track coupled system

For the long heavy-haul train, the basic principles of the inter-vehicle interaction and train–track dynamic interaction are analysed firstly. Based on the theories of train longitudinal dynamics and vehicle–track coupled dynamics, a three-dimensional (3-D) dynamic model of the heavy-haul train–track coupled system is established through a modularised method. Specifically, this model includes the subsystems such as the train control, the vehicle, the wheel–rail relation and the line geometries. And for the calculation of the wheel–rail interaction force under the driving or braking conditions, the large creep phenomenon that may occur within the wheel–rail contact patch is considered. For the coupler and draft gear system, the coupler forces in three directions and the coupler lateral tilt angles in curves are calculated. Then, according to the characteristics of the long heavy-haul train, an efficient solving method is developed to improve the computational efficiency for such a large system. Some basic principles which should be followed in order to meet the requirement of calculation accuracy are determined. Finally, the 3-D train–track coupled model is verified by comparing the calculated results with the running test results. It is indicated that the proposed dynamic model could simulate the dynamic performance of the heavy-haul train well.     

弹性环阻尼器对涡轮增压器转子动力性能影响研究

以高速涡轮增压器滚珠轴承转子系统弹性环阻尼器(ERSFD)为研究对象,采用有限元分析以及挤压油膜理论对弹性环支承刚度、油膜压力场分布、油膜刚度阻尼以及滚珠轴承转子系统动力学特性等进行了分析研究,并与挤压油膜阻尼器(S F D)进行对比分析.研究发现,弹性环阻尼器的交叉刚度和阻尼很小,有效地改善了挤压油膜阻尼器刚度阻尼自由度耦合问题,刚度阻尼的非线性得到明显的抑制.采用六凸台弹性环阻尼器与滚珠轴承串联组合的增压器进行了台架试验,并与动力学计算结果进行了对比分析.     

Research on the mechanism of a newly developed levitation frame with mid-set air spring

To reduce the vehicle/guideway-coupled vibration and improve the levitation stability of medium–low-speed maglev vehicle, a new type of levitation frame with air springs installed in the middle of the longitudinal beams is developed. This levitation frame with mid-set air spring (LFMAS) is studied comparatively with the levitation frame with end-set air spring (LFEAS) in electromagnetic levitation mode. The coupling degrees of the two kinds of frames are analysed by vertical motion equations; the energy consumptions for levitation control system to overcome the spring resistance in the whole adjustment process are calculated by the energy method; and the vibration accelerations are compared by dynamics analysis and bench test. The equations indicate that the LFMAS has a better decoupling effect and lower energy consumption than that of the LFEAS in any adjustment process. Simulation and test results show that the LFMAS can effectively reduce the vibration acceleration at a low-speed and achieve a better levitation stability in working conditions, validating that the LFMAS has a better levitation performance and adaptability to the guideway, which is attributed to the mechanical decoupling of the levitation module. It is expected that this new levitation frame will be very helpful in enhancing levitation stability and the ride index of medium–low-speed maglev vehicle.     

海上供应船旁靠大型浮式平台耦合 响应的模型试验研究

对大型浮式平台与供应船之间的旁靠带缆系统进行选型设计,同时开展两船旁靠作业时耦合响应特性的水池试验研究。重点分析两船体六自由度的相对运动特点、旁靠系泊缆的受力以及护舷的挤压应力随风浪流角度的变化规律。试验表明:两船在纵荡、横荡及首摇这三个低频方向的相对运动幅度较小,一般不会成为制约旁靠卸载作业的控制因素,但另外三个波频方向运动具有一定的独立性,且不受旁靠缆绳的约束,是影响旁靠作业窗口期的重要因素;缆绳张力和护舷挤压力对来流角度较为敏感,且供应船处于上风位时,缆绳的张力、护舷的挤压力比其位于下风位有明显增大,建议供应船尽可能位于浮式平台的下风位旁靠作业。     

淹没高压射流垂直切削硬质黏土数值与试验研究

针对淹没高压水射流对硬质黏土进行切削的问题,基于耦合的欧拉-拉格朗日方法,引入射流经过淹没水域发生速度衰减规律,建立有限元模型对切削效果进行分析研究,最后通过室内试验加以验证。该方法集合了欧拉算法和拉格朗日算法的优点,适用于射流和土体之间流固耦合的分析计算,其中,水体采用欧拉算法,土体采用拉格朗日算法,水土的接触面可被精确捕捉。数值结果显示,高压射流作用下,硬质黏土切削深度随切削速度的增大而减小,随射流压力的增大而增大。并与试验结果进行定量对比,两者较为吻合。该模型较好地模拟了淹没条件下高压射流对硬质黏土的切削过程,为解决这一问题提供了新的思路。