基于模糊聚类理论的TBM施工围岩可掘进性分级预测模型

文章针对硬岩掘进机(TBM)在复杂地质条件下的可掘进性,进行了系统及定量的研究;基于模糊聚类理论和施工样本数据分析,建立了以掘进速率为分级指标,包括岩石单轴抗压强度、岩石完整性系数、围岩结构面与隧道轴线夹角和渗水量四项性质指标的可掘进性分级预测模型,将TBM施工围岩可掘进性分为好、一般和差三个性能等级;并在此基础上进一步细化模型粒度,以提高模型的精度和地质适用性。将所建模型应用于西秦岭隧道和大伙房水库输水隧洞工程实际工程效果表明,TBM掘进速率与由模型预测的掘进速率基本相吻合,验证了掘进性分级预测模型的可行性、科学性和有效性,进而对TBM的选型、设计和施工提供了重要的理论依据。     

水平定向钻数据采集及远程监控系统研究

文中针对油气长输管道水平定向钻施工,研发了数据采集及远程监控系统。通过数据采集装置将钻机施工中的关键数据进行实时采集、处理和远程无线传输,由手机APP进行远程监控,实现了工程项目的远程管理,预测后续施工中可能出现的问题,降低施工风险,提高施工效率。     

机场航站楼信息弱电系统发展趋势及其节能设计

本文对机场航站楼信息弱电系统进行了梳理,对其各个系统组成进行了定位,描述了各类系统的技术发展趋势,并据其提出相应的节能技术措施,从节能角度为信息弱电系统的设计提供了方向性指导。     

Optimizing the locations of electric taxi charging stations: A spatial–temporal demand coverage approach

Vehicle electrification is a promising approach towards attaining green transportation. However, the absence of charging stations limits the penetration of electric vehicles. Current approaches for optimizing the locations of charging stations suffer from challenges associated with spatial–temporal dynamic travel demands and the lengthy period required for the charging process. The present article uses the electric taxi (ET) as an example to develop a spatial–temporal demand coverage approach for optimizing the placement of ET charging stations in the space–time context. To this end, public taxi demands with spatial and temporal attributes are extracted from massive taxi GPS data. The cyclical interactions between taxi demands, ETs, and charging stations are modeled with a spatial–temporal path tool. A location model is developed to maximize the level of ET service on the road network and the level of charging service at the stations under spatial and temporal constraints such as the ET range, the charging time, and the capacity of charging stations. The reduced carbon emission generated by used ETs with located charging stations is also evaluated. An experiment conducted in Shenzhen, China demonstrates that the proposed approach not only exhibits good performance in determining ET charging station locations by considering temporal attributes, but also achieves a high quality trade-off between the levels of ET service and charging service. The proposed approach and obtained results help the decision-making of urban ET charging station siting.     

Mining missing train logs from Smart Card data

This paper shows how to recover the arrival times of trains from the gate times of metro passengers from Smart Card data. Such technique is essential when a log, the set of records indicating the actual arrival and departure time of each bus or train at each station and also a critical component in reliability analysis of a transportation system, is missing partially or entirely. The procedure reconstructs each train as a sequence of the earliest exit times, called S-epochs, among its alighting passengers at each stations. The procedure first constructs a set of passengers, also known as reference passengers, whose routing choices are easily identifiable. The procedure then computes, from the exit times of the reference passengers, a set of tentative S-epochs based on a detection measure whose validity relies on an extreme-value characteristic of the platform-to-gate movement of alighting passengers. The tentative S-epochs are then finalized to be a true one, or rejected, based on their consistencies with bounds and/or interpolation from prescribed S-epochs of adjacent trains and stations. Tested on 12 daily sets of trains, with varying degrees of missing logs, from three entire metro lines, the method restored the arrival times of 95% of trains within the error of 24 s even when 100% of logs was missing. The mining procedure can also be applied to trains operating under special strategies such as short-turning and skip-stop. The recovered log seems precise enough for the current reliability analysis performed by the city of Seoul.     

公路运输与管理专业“2＋1＂实训教学模式研究

文章针对高职院校三年制教学模式下公路运输与管理人才培养的弊端,结合公路运输行业的发展实际,提出公路运输与管理专业推行“2＋1”实训教学模式改革的必要性,阐述了分阶段、循环递进式的实训教学模式及实施流程,并评述了该教学模式取得的成效与存在的不足.     

广西英越双外语交通类人才培养初探

文章结合广西交通系统参与越南交通基础设施建设的实际情况,分析了双方合作中存在的问题,提出利用广西交通职业技术学院为平台,培养掌握专业知识和英语、越南语双外语的交通人才的思路.     

Estimating travel time functions for urban roads: options and issues

Travel time functions specify the relationship between the travel time on a road and the volume of traffic on the road. Until recently, the parameters of travel time functions were rarely estimated in practice; however, a compelling case can be made for the empirical examination of these functions. This paper reviews, and qualitatively evaluates, a range of options for developing a set of travel time functions. A hierarchy of travel time functions is defined based on four levels of network detail: area, corridor, route and link. This hierarchy is illustrated by considering the development of travel time functions for Adelaide. Alternative sources of data for estimating travel time functions are identified.

In general, the costs and benefits increase as the travel time functions are estimated at finer levels of network detail. The costs of developing travel time functions include data acquisition costs and analysis costs. The benefits include the potential for reducing prediction errors, the degree of application flexibility and the policy sensitivity of the travel time functions.     

Cellpath: Fusion of cellular and traffic sensor data for route flow estimation via convex optimization

A new convex optimization framework is developed for the route flow estimation problem from the fusion of vehicle count and cellular network data. The issue of highly underdetermined link flow based methods in transportation networks is investigated, then solved using the proposed concept of cellpaths for cellular network data. With this data-driven approach, our proposed approach is versatile: it is compatible with other data sources, and it is model agnostic and thus compatible with user equilibrium, system-optimum, Stackelberg concepts, and other models. Using a dimensionality reduction scheme, we design a projected gradient algorithm suitable for the proposed route flow estimation problem. The algorithm solves a block isotonic regression problem in the projection step in linear time. The accuracy, computational efficiency, and versatility of the proposed approach are validated on the I-210 corridor near Los Angeles, where we achieve 90% route flow accuracy with 1033 traffic sensors and 1000 cellular towers covering a large network of highways and arterials with more than 20,000 links. In contrast to long-term land use planning applications, we demonstrate the first system to our knowledge that can produce route-level flow estimates suitable for short time horizon prediction and control applications in traffic management. Our system is open source and available for validation and extension.