Integrated models of land use and transportation for the autonomous vehicle revolution

ABSTRACT

The advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics.     

直线感应电动机数据采集系统

针对用于磁悬浮列车的直线感应电动机实验台,介绍了一套对直线感应电动机实验数据进行采集、分析和处理的数据采集系统。该系统可对实验中的各种数据进行实时采集、显示、控制、存储和分析。     

实测数据量大小对疲劳强度评估结果影响的研究

提速机车和客车的运用特点是全寿命时间长、运行线路条件相对固定。如何经济、有效地对结构疲劳强度进行评估是很重要的工作。首先介绍了疲劳强度评估的方法;其次,按不同的里程从全程数据中抽取数据并计算等效应力幅;最后通过对比分析,得出实测数据量大小对疲劳强度评估结果的影响程度,提出了经济、有效的采样方案。     

Aggregate expenditure elasticity for transport and communication in Australia

For the purpose of estimating Engel elasticity, one needs to find the best functional form among various alternatives. In this paper, a new function, which is called the double semi-log Engel function turns out to be the best functional form for the transport and communication items in Australia on the basis of the distance function (D²) criterion, and the non-nested hypothesis testing procedure. This function is then used to estimate total expenditure elasticity, and the percentage change in consumer demand due to changes in total expenditure and total expenditure inequalities; using the 1975–76 Household Expenditure Survey data. The results of the analyses demonstrate that transport and communication is a necessary item in Australia on the basis of two criteria, viz., its elasticity is not significantly greater than unity, and the percentage change in demand increases with a decrease of the total expenditure inequality [emphasised by Iyengar (I960)]. Policy implication of the analyses has also been discussed.     

工程平面控制网置平平差的方法研究

提出一种将秩亏自由网平差和三参数坐标转换相结合的平面控制网平差方法,其特点是在平差过程中控制网整体网形不因上级控制点点位的改变而变化。首先介绍秩亏自由网平差及其精度评定的原理,推导进行控制网三参数坐标转换及对置平后的控制网进行精度评定的数学模型。仿真计算结果证明了对传统边角控制网而言,置平平差较约束平差具有更强的抗原始数据误差的能力,是一种工程平面控制网平差的新方法。     

人事管理信息系统的开发与应用

介绍了人事管理信息系统的开发方法、系统功能与特点,实现了对人事管理各项工作及相关信息的全面、统一管理,提高了工作效率与管理水平。     

GIS技术在公路建设管理中的应用研究

针对公路建设的发展以及工程项目管理发展的要求,介绍了道路CAD技术、地理信息系统(GIS)技术、数据库技术、网络技术在公路建设项目管理过程中的应用以及如何借助GIS的图形处理功能、信息表现及其空间分析功能对公路建设过程中的各工程实体的工程信息、计划进度、质量监理、费用管理等进行可视化表现和分析,规范和方便建设项目的科学管理,从而为公路建设的管理者和决策者提供直观、可靠、及时和有效的管理手段,便于作出相应的决策。     

基于“湖仓一体”技术的城轨大数据平台设计与升级改造实践

为了探寻城市轨道交通行业大数据平台建设与升级改造的最优方案,本文以城轨大数据平台为研究对象,从城轨大数据平台发展历程出发,梳理城轨大数据平台发展的3个阶段,分析各阶段大数据平台所采用的技术与优缺点,重点总结当前阶段“湖仓一体”大数据技术所具备的湖仓一体、流批一体、OLTP+OLAP、多重负载等优点,研究了基于该技术的大数据平台架构升级改造设计要点,并将该技术在北京地铁数据中心的大数据平台升级改造中进行应用验证。结果表明：“湖仓一体”大数据平台技术兼具数据湖的低成本、数据仓库的高性能等优点,解决了原大数据平台在性能、容量与多用途支持上的不足,为城轨行业大数据平台建设与升级改造提供了新的解决思路。     

铁路地理标记语言的研究

本文提出了RGIS面临数据之间和系统之间不统一的问题,介绍了一种具有高效空间数据交换机制的铁路地理标记语言(RGML)来解决,重点论述铁路地理标记语言的对象模型,包括地物特征对象和几何对象,地物特征对象定义了空间对象的内容和结构,几何对象提供了详细的基本空间几何组件定义.最后给出RGML描述省界的实例,说明用RGML处理铁路空间数据的优势.