铝合金上层建筑与钢主船体的新型焊接过渡接头

在分析现行的用于铝合金上层建筑与钢船体焊接的过渡接头存在问题的基础上,提出了一种新型过渡接头。它在耐热性,传递载荷等方面均优于现行过渡接头。另外,文章对新型过渡接头的爆炸复合工艺及质量控制作也了简要说明。     

大型充泥袋结构在黄骅港一期工程引堤工程中的应用

重点介绍黄骅港引堤工程采用大型充泥袋结构方案的研究应用情况,并对设计、施工中的某些技术问题进行探讨并提出建议。     

The impacts of changing flight demands and throughput performance on airport delays through the Great Recession

Several significant events between 2007 and 2009 impacted flight demands and the abilities of the three major New York area airports to handle demand. This paper assesses the results of applying a probabilistic simulation method – which isolates the individual contributions of changes in flight demand and changes in airport throughput performance to changes in flight delays – to diagnose how these different events may have caused operational changes at these airports, and in turn, how the results may be used to inform policies for appropriate countermeasures. The analysis revealed two key observations. Firstly, certain patterns in throughput performance shifts caused the most significant delays, and were more likely to have been caused by controller staffing issues rather than caps. Secondly, relatively constant average delays from one year to the next may result from significant demand drops accompanied by large throughput performance degradations at an airport. This suggests that not only operational limitations on capacity encourage airlines to reduce schedules, but that changed demands can also impact throughput performance. Overall, the analysis indicates that caps may not have provided their fully intended delay benefits. Although they successfully reduced overall flight demands at LGA and JFK, they also directly limited throughput performance at critical times, in turn limiting delay benefits. In addition, demands at the busiest times of the day appear to be relatively inelastic to these operational limitations, insofar as demand profiles at EWR and JFK remained “peaky” in 2008 and 2009. Also, the recession was largely responsible for reducing demands at the airports in 2009, but the delay benefits of this were dampened by a corresponding throughput performance degradation. Based on the above observations, a more direct demand management policy combined with policies that focus on maintaining high staffing capabilities at critical times of the day may be considered, to reduce the likelihood of major queue formation on days that do experience sustained demands. The results also suggest that a more flexible caps system, particularly during times of heavy queues, could be explored. Although airport practitioners have keen understandings of how their airports operate, without the support of quantitative analysis tools, it can be more difficult to argue the need for appropriate countermeasures. An analysis such as the one presented here can provide the detailed quantitative substantiation required to build cases for these targeted policy directives and infrastructure investments.     

Comparing travel mode and trip chain choices between holidays and weekdays

Choices of travel mode and trip chain as well as their interplays have long drawn the interests of researchers. However, few studies have examined the differences in the travel behaviors between holidays and weekdays. This paper compares the choice of travel mode and trip chain between holidays and weekdays tours using travel survey data from Beijing, China. Nested Logit (NL) models with alternative nesting structures are estimated to analyze the decision process of travelers. Results show that there are at least three differences between commuting-based tours on weekdays and non-commuting tours on holidays. First, the decision structures in weekday and holiday tours are opposite. In weekday tours people prefer to decide on trip chain pattern prior to choosing travel mode, whereas in holiday tours travel mode is chosen first. Second, holiday tours show stronger dependency on cars than weekday tours. Third, travelers on holidays are more sensitive to changes in tour time than to the changes in tour cost, while commuters on weekdays are more sensitive to tour cost. Findings are helpful for improving travel activity modeling and designing differential transportation system management strategies for weekdays and holidays.     

锚固框架结构加固公路边坡的优化设计

依照优化设计的基本原理与有关规范，建立了锚固框架结构的优化设计数学模型，以及相关的约束方程，利用lingo11.0编写了该结构优化模型的寻优程序，实践表明该模型可达到节约工程成本和优化设计结果的目的。     

铁路新型钢混组合独塔部分斜拉桥设计研究

以在建的银川机场黄河特大桥主桥为工程依托,结合国内外钢混组合结构的研究现状,推出一种新型大跨钢-混凝土组合独塔部分斜拉桥结构。根据钢-混凝土组合独塔部分斜拉桥的特点,采用空间杆系与实体有限元分析方法,对结构的构造细节及受力特征进行分析,以确定本结构应用于高速铁路的可行性。采用有限元仿真分析与概念设计相结合,对钢-混凝土组合独塔部分斜拉桥的结构体系、承载形式、钢混结合形式、截面构造、拉索锚固等一系列技术重难点进行研究。研究结果表明:新型钢混组合独塔部分斜拉桥,可应用于高速铁路;结构受力合理,可充分发挥材料特性以减小结构自重;结构整体刚度好,可满足高速铁路行车要求;施工安全可控,可降低施工干扰;结构造型优美,经济性能佳;桥型新颖,技术先进创新性突出。     

洋山深水港区工程码头及接岸结构选型

洋山深水港工程依托外海岛礁地形通过填海造地形成港区,其关键技术之一就是采用何种码头及接岸结构型式才能阻挡软土地基上平均23～26 m高回填土的作用。文章重点介绍一期工程码头及接岸结构在复杂的自然条件、较高的使用要求、恶劣的施工条件以及较短施工周期等条件下,按照有利于工程快速施工、有利于陆域形成以及有利于控制质量的原则,提出采用高桩码头结构 斜顶桩板桩承台驳岸结构型式。实施效果表明:该结构型式适合洋山港区的地质条件和建设条件,有利于港区的陆域形成及后续工程的推进,技术风险小;后方高回填土对码头结构没有影响。     

基于GQJS的大跨连续梁桥结构分析方法

以内蒙古某跨径为85m+150m+85m的预应力混凝土连续梁桥为工程背景,采用公路桥梁结构设计系统GQJS,研究其符合承载使用要求的结构设计方法。通过对该桥进行承载能力极限状态和正常使用极限状态(持久状况和短暂状况)下2种工况的验算分析,表明该桥结构满足现行规范的各项要求。     

苏州中心地下空间超长结构温度应力分析

苏州中心建筑平面尺寸巨大,因超长产生的温度应力对结构的影响较为显著。通过分析地下结构从施工到投入正常使用全过程中可能受到的温度荷栽的类型,利用线性分布法计算作用在建筑物上温度荷栽.总结出确定温度作用的计算工况。并以苏州中心地下空间结构为例,介绍了温度应力的计算方法。实际计算表明,降温荷载在框架梁和楼板中产生较大拉应力.楼板开洞部位拉应力集中,温度作用在框架柱中产生剪力和弯矩,在工程设计时必须充分考虑。     

基于熵值理论的城市轨道交通投融资结构评价优化

城市轨道交通建设项目中,投融资结构是投融资管理的重要组成部分。从投资管控与融资管理两个角度,设计了城市轨道交通建设项目投融资结构评价指标体系,构建了基于熵值理论的多目标评价模型,对城市轨道交通建设项目投融资结构进行评价分析与优化。并以广州轨道交通11线为应用案例,验证了该评价优化方法的有效性。