Modelling acceleration decisions in traffic streams with weak lane discipline: A latent leader approach

Acceleration is an important driving manoeuvre that has been modelled for decades as a critical element of the microscopic traffic simulation tools. The state-of-the art acceleration models have however primarily focused on lane based traffic. In lane based traffic, every driver has a single distinct lead vehicle in the front and the acceleration of the driver is typically modelled as a function of the relative speed, position and/or type of the corresponding leader. On the contrary, in a traffic stream with weak lane discipline, the subject driver may have multiple vehicles in the front. The subject driver is therefore subjected to multiple sources of stimulus for acceleration and reacts to the stimulus from the governing leader. However, only the applied accelerations are observed in the trajectory data, and the governing leader is unobserved or latent. The state-of-the-art models therefore cannot be directly applied to traffic streams with weak lane discipline.This prompts the current research where we present a latent leader acceleration model. The model has two components: a random utility based dynamic class membership model (latent leader component) and a class-specific acceleration model (acceleration component). The parameters of the model have been calibrated using detailed trajectory data collected from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results indicate that the probability of a given front vehicle of being the governing leader can depend on the type of the lead vehicle and the extent of lateral overlap with the subject driver. The estimation results are compared against a simpler acceleration model (where the leader is determined deterministically) and a significant improvement in the goodness-of-fit is observed. The proposed models, when implemented in microscopic traffic simulation tools, are expected to result more realistic representation of traffic streams with weak lane discipline.     

HOV车道的设计应用研究

随着我国汽车工业的不断发展,城市的机动车数量不断增加,在带来经济效益的同时,也产生了许多交通问题。通过对HOV设计应用的研究,阐述了在我国目前的发展形势下,将HOV理念引入城市交通管理是实现城市道路可持续发展的需要,也是城市用地集约化配置的需要;同时指出,我国实行HOV优先的可能。论文借鉴多方式出行选择logit模型对HOV车道的设置进行了探讨。     

右置掉头与右转共用车道通行能力研究

在中央分隔带宽度受限的情形下,掉头置于靠近中央分隔带的车道上,公交车等大型车辆的转弯半径过小,对交叉口的行车安全和交通效率均有不利影响.将掉头车道置于行车方向的最右侧与右转共用车道,可以有效解决此问题.文章通过借鉴通行能力手册HCM上直左、直右以及左右共用车道通行能力计算方法,在确定左转及掉头调整因子基础上,建立了交叉口掉头右置与右转共用车道的通行能力计算模型.研究结论可为掉头车道设计提供理论支撑.     

互通式立交减速车道及分流点的探讨

互通式立体交叉是高速公路的重要组成部分,而互通式立交减速车道和分流点又是互通式交线形设计的重要指标.因而,结合路线设计规范对互通式立交减速车道的设计方法和分流点控制指标进行探讨,并结合实践提出一点见解.     

基于认知行为的高速公路减速标线研究

基于认知行为,运用驾驶员认知信息模型及视认标线过程机理,结合生理学及相关规定设计改进减速标线形式和设置参数,采用模拟驾驶实验与问卷调查相结合的方式,分析各种减速标线的减速效果、安全影响、注意力影响、可识别性、错觉效果等特征,据此评估所设计标线的效果并判别其适用范围和实用价值。     

互通式立交减速车道及分流点的探讨

互通式立体交叉是高速公路的重要组成部分,而互通式立交减速车道和分流点又是互通式交线形设计的重要指标.因而,结合路线设计规范对互通式立交减速车道的设计方法和分流点控制指标进行探讨,并结合实践提出一点见解.     

山西省高速公路准六车道设计探讨

调查了山西省高速公路路基横断面布置形式,通过通行能力分析、安全性评价,得出在横断面合理布置的情况下,可大幅度提高通行能力,减少公路用地,节约建设投资。     

提速旅客列车纵向冲动的仿真研究

根据提速旅客列车对于旅客乘坐舒适性的要求，应用列车纵向动力学理论分析影响旅客列车纵向冲动的主要因素，并通过比较不同装备条件的仿真研究结果，说明提速旅客列车纵向冲动的现状及发展前景。     

A low-cost video-based pavement distress screening system for low-volume roads

This study investigates the use of consumer-grade video camera to develop a low-cost pavement distress screening system, with a particular focus on low-volume roads. Due to the oblique view of video data captured in the car front, existing crack detection algorithms that are tailor-made for nadir view cannot be used directly. Instead, we propose and develop a Video-based PAvement Distress Screening (VPADS) system, which includes an automatic data processing workflow by first defining a Region of Interest (RoI) through robust line fitting of the two side lanes. The pavement condition can be assessed within the RoI by implementing a multi-scale ridge detection filter followed by a boundary contour analysis. Since the proposed VPADS system is designed for preliminary screening purpose, each video image scene is examined if there exists any potential crack or distress feature(s). We tested the proposed system on video data collected for two low-volume roads (Highway 624 and 668) in Northern Ontario region, Canada. The overall accuracy of detecting crack and distress features yielded 80%. Instead of replacing traditional field inspection or high-end multi-sensor pavement evaluation system, the proposed VPADS system aims to provide a computer-aided screening solution for transportation authorities of a vast rural road/highway network and with limited inspection budget. The scope of the work can be further expanded by developing a crowdsensing inspection network built by any regular road user, who can also act as a data provider for the regional/municipal pavement distress screening system.     

城市道路中人行道采取人非共板的探讨

针对城市道路中人行道采取人非共板所存在的问题,提出了运用范围和从规划到管理的配套措施。同时,为既能更好地解决行车拥堵,又确保人身安全,该文还提出了将道路横向板块按速度分道,其中把中速道作为辅道供公交车、非机动车和各单位道口车辆出入行驶的办法,人行道为慢速道,保持原功能不变。