HOV车道在上海城市交通管理中的应用探讨

介绍HOV(高承载率车辆)车道的概念及在洛杉矶的发展过程;针对上海目前公交专用道利用率不高的现象,提出利用公交专用道的富余设置HOV车道的设想;从必要性及可行性两方面运用数据对上海市延安东路隧道和四平路—中山东路的道路状况分析说明。     

透水框架护岸模型试验

透水框架护岸是将透水框架铺设在岸坡坡面上,利用透水框架的减速促淤机理来防护岸坡。本试验开展了四面六边透水框架和扭双工字型透水框架铺设在岸坡坡面上的试验研究,对其护岸效果、减速促於机理进行分析,了解透水框架护岸的优缺点,分析透水框架护岸的应用部位。     

Modification of the Highway Capacity Manual two‐lane highway analysis procedure for Spanish conditions

The US Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) methodology is used in Spain to evaluate traffic operation and quality of service. The effect of passing manoeuvre on two‐lane highway operational performance is considered through adjustment factors to average travel speeds and percent time spent following. The procedure is largely based on simulations in TWOPAS and passing behaviours observed during US calibrations in the 1970s. It is not clear whether US driving behaviour and vehicles' performance are comparable with Spanish conditions. The objective of this research is to adapt the HCM 2010 methodology to Spanish driver behaviour, for base conditions (i.e. no passing restrictions). To do so, TWOPAS was calibrated and validated based on current Spanish passing field data. The calibration used a genetic algorithm. The case study included an ideal two‐lane highway with varying directional traffic flow rate, directional split and percentage of trucks. The updated methodology for base conditions is simpler than the current HCM 2010 and does not rely on interpolation from tables. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modeling delay at signalized intersections with channelized right‐turn lanes considering the impact of blockage

This paper presents a probabilistic delay model for signalized intersections with right‐turn channelization lanes considering the possibility of blockage. Right‐turn channelization is used to improve the capacity and to reduce delay at busy intersections with a lot of right‐turns. However, under heavy traffic conditions the through vehicles will likely block the channelization entrance that accrues delay to right‐turn vehicles. If the right‐turn channelization gets blocked frequently, its advantage in reducing the intersection delay is neglected and as a result the channelization lane becomes inefficient and redundant. The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) neglects the blockage effect, which may be a reason for low efficiency during peak hours. More importantly, using HCM or other standard traffic control methods without considering the blockage effects would lead to underestimation of the delay. To overcome this issue, the authors proposed delay models by taking into account both deterministic and random aspects of vehicles arrival patterns at signalized intersections. The proposed delay model was validated through VISSIM, a microscopic simulation model. The results showed that the proposed model is very precise and accurately estimates the delay. In addition, it was found that the length of short‐lane section and proportion of right‐turn and through traffic significantly influence the approach delay. For operational purposes, the authors provided a step‐by‐step delay calculation process and presented approach delay estimates for different sets of traffic volumes, signal settings, and short‐lane section lengths. The delay estimates would be useful in evaluating adequacy of the current lengths, identifying the options of extending the short‐lane section length, or changing signal timing to reduce the likelihood of blockage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

避险车道设置的研究

根据失控车辆的运行轨迹,全面分析其在避险车道内的受力过程,同时利用物理学的经典公式,推导出避险车道的坡度和长度的计算公式,可为各种有关避险车道的实验性研究提供参考。     

可变车道诱导方法研究

为寻求可变车道的诱导方法,提出基于双停车线的主、预信号诱导方法,对双停车线的布局方法和预信号的配时方法进行了研究.确定了主、预信号之间的距离;对主、预信号之间的配时关系进行了分析,确定了主预信号周期之间的关系、车道属性过渡过程中预信号的配时方案以及双停车线之间的距离对信号配时的影响.     

应用于换道预警的驾驶风格分类方法

针对不同驾驶风格驾驶人对换道预警需求存在差异的问题,采用视觉传感器、 雷达传感器、GPS、车辆 CAN 总线数据采集系统,基于小型乘用车搭建了实际道路驾驶行 为试验车.通过对多名驾驶人进行实际道路自然驾驶试验,选用跟车时距、换道时距、超速 频次、换道过程最大方向盘转角等参数,采用模糊评价法建立了驾驶风格离线分类模型, 实现了将驾驶人分类为冒进型、比较冒进型、比较谨慎型、谨慎型四类.采用换道安全性相 关参数对模型进行验证. 结果表明,随着驾驶人谨慎程度的增加,换道安全性评价参数更 倾向于安全,驾驶风格分类模型与实际换道安全性评价参数之间呈现良好的一致性.     

浅谈城市自行车专用道设置

我国现在只有少数的大城市设置了自行车专用道,它的设置与规划还没有一套系统的方法,该文在国内外自行车交通的发展趋势及经验的基础上,对自行车专用道的设置问题进行了探讨,针对我国的具体现状,从宏观和微观两个角度分析了自行车专用道设置时应该注意的问题。     

基于驾驶人决策机制的换道意图识别模型

依据驾驶人换道决策的产生机制,提出速度期望满足度、危险感知系数和换道 可行性系数作为换道决策的识别指标并确定其量化方法.通过实车试验数据的分析表明： 量化指标与换道决策存在不同程度的相关性;同时在换道初期、车道保持及过渡状态阶 段存在显著差异.以速度期望满足度、危险感知系数和换道可行性系数为特征输入参数, 建立基于模糊神经网络的驾驶人换道意图识别模型,进行驾驶人换道意图的识别.结果表 明,该模型在换道初期的预测准确率达到89.93%,虚警率为9.52%,优于以碰撞时间TTC 为输入指标的BP神经网络模型,以及以RV、RP、RS为变量的Logistic 模型,说明模型具 有较好的预测准确性.     

无轨运输隧道施工辅助斜井型式探讨

为解决隧道施工辅助斜井单、双车道选择以及斜井轮廓尺寸方面的问题,通过对行车限定速度、错车时车辆通过情况进行模拟,以数学推导的方法,分析单、双车道的通过能力,研究斜井内的断面布置。认为单、双车道斜井的通过能力相差极大,当通过斜井开辟隧道施工工作面较多,计算施工高峰期总车流量大于单车道斜井最大通过能力时必须采用双车道;同时通过对单、双车道断面布置中的车辆外形、各种间隙、人行道、管路、水沟等尺寸的研究,提出了单、双线斜井轮廓尺寸。