The changing role of decision support instruments in integrated infrastructure planning: lessons from the Sustainability Check

This article draws lessons about recent innovations in decision support for coping with challenges in integrated infrastructure planning strategies. After setting up a conceptual framework for the scope of analysis and the use of information in infrastructure planning, the empirical section explores the introduction of early-stage sustainability assessment tools. Data collection draws on experiences gained in the Netherlands with a new tool: ‘Sustainability Check’. We conclude that such instruments have a number of capacities that address the challenges of area-oriented planning: (a) bringing together information about the comprehensive value of alternatives, (b) facilitating the generation of alternatives, (c) addressing institutional fragmentation by learning about referential frames, and (d) adding contextual perspectives to the ‘hard’ outcomes of conventional tools. We also conclude that tools such as Sustainability Check should not be seen as a replacement for conventional decision support tools, but rather as complementary to them.     

Adaptation Pathways in Coastal Case Studies: Lessons Learned and Future Directions

Climate change adaptation presents a difficult challenge for coastal towns around the world, forcing local governments to plan for sea level rise in a contentious decision-making space. The concept of “adaptation pathways,” a diagnostic and analytical tool to assist in adaptive planning and decision-making, is gaining traction as a way of framing and informing climate adaptation. It provides decisionmakers a way to acknowledge the inter-temporal complexities and uncertainties associated with the novel dynamics of climate change and a mechanism to manage these challenges in the local context. In 2012, the Australian Government funded an 18-month program to provide decisionmakers in the coastal zone an opportunity to test the utility of the adaptation pathways concept for coastal climate adaptation. Using a selection of completed projects as case studies, we performed a document analysis to better understand the learnings from the projects. The main themes surrounded: (1) the utility of the adaptation pathway framework in developing options, (2) decision-making rationale and criteria, and (3) stakeholder participation in pathway development. A project participant survey was developed to further understand these themes. Our analysis reveals that “adaptation pathways” was generally framed narrowly and conservatively to emphasize extant economic, administrative and legal considerations over community, participatory, or exploratory ones. Although some case study projects were able to reach a point in the pathway discussion to actively involve stakeholders in their decision-making process, many case studies continued to build technical data as a method for defending policies and actions. These results indicate that coastal adaptation can take-up adaptation pathways as a useful concept for decision-making and planning; however, many councils may still require assistance in stakeholder communication processes in order to develop sociallyacceptable plans that take into account the full range of values affecting local coastal environments.     

Bridging the gap between multi-objective optimization and spatial planning: a new post-processing methodology capturing the optimum allocation of land uses against established transportation infrastructure

The optimal allocation of multiple land uses constitutes a complex multi-objective optimization problem with unknown feasible objective space and optimal planning alternatives. Despite the effectiveness of evolutionary algorithms to capture the underlying Pareto set of optimum maps, land use planners are bound to pursue the best possible spatial allocation of each use within an enormous population of non-dominated solutions. This article presents a novel post-processing methodology enhancing the comparative evaluation of alternative planning approaches without making any assumptions about the (relative) importance of each objective function. The proposed consolidated post-processing module is applied in a land use planning paradigm, revealing: (a) the existence of substantial planning guidelines whose validity is not affected by the relative significance of each criterion and (b) the variable planning component emerging from the (varying) relative importance of objective functions. Such planning feedback could not be extracted by the exhaustive review of non-dominated maps.     

24m桥式散粮作业架的设计与模拟分析

介绍了从散粮架桥架的结构选择,桥架受力分析,桥架梁高度、强度、刚度及整体稳定性的验算,桥架局部结构的处理,散粮架有限元模拟分析等几方面着手,设计出跨度为24m的散粮作业架,满足5万t级以上大型散杂货船舶装卸需要。     

大口径管井井点降水在沉井施工中的应用

介绍在淤泥质土层中下沉大型沉井时,采用大口径管井井点降水方法的理由和设计过程。施工实践表明该法有效地降低了地下水位,避免沉井在下沉和封底的过程中发生涌水、涌泥,确保了施工安全。     

基于投影决策方法的城市轨道交通线网评价

投影决策方法是一种基于矢量投影的原理建立起来的综合评价方法,该方法通过比较各方案投影值的大小来区分各方案的优劣。利用投影决策方法建立了城市轨道交通线网规划评价与决策模型,介绍了评价步骤,并通过实例验证了这种方法的应用能提高轨道交通线网规划评价的客观性、公正性、合理性。该方法可以为城市轨道交通网络规划方案的评价及方案优选服务,避免因人为失误而造成的决策偏差。     

基于概率风险评估的舰船装备研制风险分析与决策

随着数字化造船技术的发展,在舰船装备研制过程中,对定量风险分析的需求越来越强烈。针对我国舰船装备系统复杂、研制周期长的特点,本文提出了一种基于全寿命周期数据管理（PLM/PDM）系统的风险管理和决策支持系统。并结合概率风险分析方法与定性风险分析方法在船舶系统应用的特点,在风险数据收集、风险模型和风险知识库建立及完善等几个方面进行了深入分析。     

一种基于多属性决策的防空阵地选择排序方法

针对防空阵地选择排序定量研究方法较少的现状,提出了一种基于OWA算子的离差最大化区间数多属性决策方法,对防空阵地选择问题进行建模分析,结合具体算例对所建模型进行了验证。     

公路自然区划方法探讨

针对当前公路自然区划的研究现状,特别是公路自然区划的理论体系与区划方案的研究,结合我国近20年来的公路建设的实际与取得的研究成果,从新的理论体系、方法层面上对公路自然区划进行新的研究,并结合地理信息系统的最新理论和软件,提出更加合理更适合国土现状的公路自然区划的原则、方法及指标体系.     

Simulation Research of the TOC-Based Cost Accounting Impacting on Organizational Performance

After introducing a new management philosophy called Theory of Constraints (TOC), Dr Eli Goldratt applied it to the field of accounting, and formed a new set of measures for cost accounting. These measures are Throughput Contribution, Inventory and Operating Expenses. This paper applied the constraint-based cost accounting to three kinds of strategies decisions including contraction, cost and market, and uses the Gedunken experiment to do a contrastive research between the cost accounting based on TOC and the full-absorption cost accounting. The experiment proves that the cost accounting based on TOC outperforms the traditional cost accounting, and greatly improves organizational performance.