考虑泥沙淤积的三峡水库9月分旬控制水位研究

采用9月分旬蓄水的方式,可以较好地应对三峡水库汛后提前蓄水时特大洪水的可能威胁。但随着水库运用时间的增加,泥沙淤积将造成大量库容损失,9月分旬控制水位确定时必须要考虑泥沙淤积的影响。本文通过水库泥沙淤积计算,考虑了泥沙淤积造成的库容损失,对三峡水库9月分旬控制水位进行了深入研究。结果表明,与不考虑泥沙淤积情况下的控制水位相比,考虑泥沙淤积的9月分旬控制水位进一步降低了可能的防洪风险,同时,虽然水库发电效益也略有减小,但影响不大。     

磁悬式水位计在工程上的初步应用

简要介绍测量地下水位常用的几种水位计的工作原理及使用性能。并在双触点式和浮漂式水位计的基础上进行技术改造,开发出磁悬浮式水位计,这种水位计不仅工作性能大大改善,而且经济简便,更适合工程勘察使用。     

公路三级自然区划新框架体系的应用研究

从分析以往的公路三级自然区划的研究原理和思路出发,总结、归纳、探讨性地提出公路三级自然区划新的框架体系:原则,标志性体系的建立,方法的选用以及基于新方法GIS技术的应用。新框架体系的应用研究为以后的相关人员进行公路三级自然区划提供参考和依据。     

Port authorities view state coastal management programs

Abstract

An estuarine sanctuary is a store of public values due to the ecological, cultural, recreational, aesthetic, historic, and economic services provided by the preserve. These values may be expected to increase over time because of (1) growth in the population demanding estuarine services, (2) growth in the willingness to pay for such services, and (3) growth in the actual quality and quantity of services which are provided by a protected natural system. Thus an estuarine sanctuary will be more valuable to future generations than to current generations. When weighing the cost and benefits of a preservation or development decision, a preservation decision which seems currently undesirable may in fact be socially beneficial when growth in the value of estuarine services is included.     

Local Level Fisheries Management in Diani-Chale,Kenya: Current Status and Future Directions

The current regime of fisheries management and the prospects for attaining a more locally oriented, collaborative system of fisheries management in Diani-Chale, Kenya are examined. At present fisheries management in Diani-Chale is characterized by diminished government capacity for regulation, weakened local institutions, and little ability to exert control over the use of fisheries. Local level management requires the development and use of local institutions that can govern the use of fishery resources. The fish landing sites used by fishers and their associated fishing grounds were identified to be at the appropriate level for resolving fishery management issues. A more formal role for these entities, the clarification of fishing ground tenure and access rights, and support for the development and enforcement of local fishing rules can further local management. The socioeconomic condition of fishers, their fear of losing landing sites, and the continued perception of the imposition of a marine reserve pose barriers to initiatives seeking to further local level management.     

Autonomous vehicle perception: The technology of today and tomorrow

Perception system design is a vital step in the development of an autonomous vehicle (AV). With the vast selection of available off-the-shelf schemes and seemingly endless options of sensor systems implemented in research and commercial vehicles, it can be difficult to identify the optimal system for one’s AV application. This article presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art AV perception technology available today. It provides up-to-date information about the advantages, disadvantages, limits, and ideal applications of specific AV sensors; the most prevalent sensors in current research and commercial AVs; autonomous features currently on the market; and localization and mapping methods currently implemented in AV research. This information is useful for newcomers to the AV field to gain a greater understanding of the current AV solution landscape and to guide experienced researchers towards research areas requiring further development. Furthermore, this paper highlights future research areas and draws conclusions about the most effective methods for AV perception and its effect on localization and mapping. Topics discussed in the Perception and Automotive Sensors section focus on the sensors themselves, whereas topics discussed in the Localization and Mapping section focus on how the vehicle perceives where it is on the road, providing context for the use of the automotive sensors. By improving on current state-of-the-art perception systems, AVs will become more robust, reliable, safe, and accessible, ultimately providing greater efficiency, mobility, and safety benefits to the public.     

A new composite decision support framework for strategic and sustainable transport appraisals

This paper concerns the development of a new decision support framework for the appraisal of transport infrastructure projects. In such appraisals there will often be a need for including both conventional transport impacts as well as criteria of a more strategic and/or sustainable character. The proposed framework is based on the use of cost-benefit analysis featuring feasibility risk assessment in combination with multi-criteria decision analysis and is supported by the concept of decision conferencing. The framework is applied for a transport related case study dealing with the complex decision problem of determining the most attractive alternative for a new fixed link between Denmark and Sweden – the so-called HH-connection. Applying the framework to the case study made it possible to address the decision problem from an economic, a strategic, and a sustainable point of view simultaneously. The outcome of the case study demonstrates the decision making framework as a valuable decision support system (DSS), and it is concluded that appraisals of transport projects can be effectively supported by the use of the DSS. Finally, perspectives of the future modelling work are given.     

Trade-offs between mobility and equity maximization under environmental capacity constraints: A case study of an integrated multi-objective model

This paper investigates the performance of a policy decision tool proposed for multi-objective decision under different policy interventions. This tool deals with the trade-off between mobility and equity maximization under environmental capacity constraints. Two system objectives, maximization of mobility and equity, are formulated in terms of the sum of total car ownership and number of trips, and the differences in accessibility between zones. Environmental capacities are based on production efficiency theory in which the frontier emission under maximum system efficiency is taken as environmental capacity. To examine the performance of the proposed model, three types of hypothetical policies (network improvement, population increase and urban sprawl) are formulated. Effects are simulated using data pertaining to Dalian City, China. Results show that the proposed model is capable of representing the trade-offs between mobility and equity based on different policy interventions. Compared with two extreme cases with the single objective of mobility maximization or equity maximization, the Pareto-optimal solutions provide more interesting practical options for decision makers. Taking the solution based on the maximum equity as an example, the policy of urban sprawl yields the most significant improvement in both emission and accessibility of the three scenarios.     

集对分析的灰数决策法在交通规划中的应用

用灰数表示决策信息是合理的.通过构造灰数意义上的决策值与比较域,利用集对分析的相对性,在与同一、对立(最优、最劣)目标接近程度意义上构造了决策值与比较域间的集对联系数.引入了集对联系数中同一度和对立度间相互关联的集对势的概念,利用集对势的大小对方案的优劣进行排序.作为集对分析和灰数的结合,建立了基于集对分析的灰数多指标决策模型.最后,以实例验证了该模型的有效性与实用性.     

多尺度图像边缘检测技术在车辆识别中的应用

指出了图像边缘检测的定义及现有算法的不足,并对Canny边缘检测离散准则及该准则下的最优线性滤波器进行了论述。根据边缘检测离散准则,利用数值方法求出该准则下边缘检测的最优线性滤波器及对应的平滑算子,将其与Canny边缘检测技术相结合进行边缘检测,检测出不同尺度下多幅边缘图像,并根据小尺度下图像边缘细节信息丰富、边缘定位精度高,大尺度下图像边缘稳定、抗噪性好等特点,将检测到的多尺度边缘进行融合,得到抗噪性好的精确的单像素宽边缘;同时将该方法应用于汽车特征提取,检测到完整连续的汽车边缘图像,为车型识别提供条件。试验结果表明:该方法不仅能准确检测出图像边缘,而且能有效地抑制噪声,是边缘检测的实用方法。