低排量下并联甩泵分析与对策

乌鄯原油支干线乌鲁木齐输油首站低排量下给油泵特殊工况并联运行极易出现甩泵故障,给输油生产带来困扰和设备危害。通过对几年来甩泵分析,找出原因,制定对策（提高来油温度、缩小过滤器差压报警值、流量计并行、降低外输排量等）,减少了并联运行次数,避免了并联甩泵现象的再次发生,为密闭输油生产中合理配泵提供参考。     

高温烟气膨胀节爆裂原因分析与对策

文中从失效波纹管的化学成份、力学性能、显微组织、裂纹与断口及腐蚀产物等方面进行检测,并结合波纹管工作状况对波纹管进行应力计算及检测结果分析,探讨高温烟气膨胀节爆裂失效的原因及防护措施。     

低温热水地板辐射采暖系统水力平衡分析

分析了地暖系统中重力循环作用压力对共用立管的影响,运用基尔霍夫定律分析了地暖系统中下分异程式双管系统和下分同程式双管系统的水力平衡状况,得出了在没有平衡调节装置的情况下,下分异程式双管系统更适用于地暖系统的结论,通过计算确定了地暖系统共用立管水力平衡的影响因素和平均比摩阻的范围.     

The problem of cold starts: A closer look at mobile source emissions levels

While the phenomenon of excess vehicle emissions from cold-start conditions is well known, the magnitude and duration of this phenomenon is often unclear due to the complex chemical processes involved and uncertainty in the literature on this subject. This paper synthesizes key findings regarding the influence of ambient and engine temperatures on light-duty vehicle (LDV) emissions. Existing literature, as well as analytical tools like the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES), indicate that while total vehicle emissions have dropped significantly in recent years, those associated with cold starts can still constitute up to 80% for some pollutant species. Starting emissions are consistently found to make up a high proportion of total transportation-related methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). After 3–4 min of vehicle operation, both the engine coolant and the catalytic converter have generally warmed, and emissions are significantly lower. This effect lasts roughly 45 min after the engine is shut off, though the cooling rate depends greatly on the emission species and ambient temperature. Electrically (pre-)heated catalysts, using the bigger batteries available on hybrid drivetrains and plug-in vehicles, may be the most cost-effective technology to bring down a sizable share of mobile source emissions. Trip chaining (to keep engines warm) and shifting to non-motorized modes for shorter trips, where the cold start can dominate emissions, are also valuable tactics.     

Development and calibration of a long-distance passenger traffic assignment model

This paper studies the assignment of long-distance passenger traffic on a highway corridor network. First, we propose a traditional model for the long-distance traffic assignment considering interactions with local commuter traffic. It addresses the effect of local networks on highway corridors. An iterative algorithm is developed to solve for the exact solution. Then, to address the potential computational issues that arise therein, a decomposition method is proposed by introducing a new concept of corridor elasticity. An assignment procedure for long-distance passenger traffic is developed accordingly. Numerical tests show that the proposed decomposition method makes significant improvements in computational performance at a small loss of optimality. This decomposition method well approximates the exact assignment from the traditional formulation, especially when the highway corridors are near-saturation. The proposed decomposition method appears practical for application.     

沥青混合料动态模量Hirsch预测模型的验证研究

动态模量可以描述沥青混合料对温度和荷载频率的敏感性,从而可以客观地反映沥青混合料在路面结构中的行为特性。本文对SMA 13、Superpave 20、Superpave 25和ATB 25等4种沥青混合料分别进行了不同温度和荷载频率下的动态模量试验,并利用DSR对混合料中所用的两种沥青胶结料(普通70号沥青和SBS改性沥青)进行对应温度和荷载频率下的动态剪切模量试验,利用试验结果对动态模量Hirsch预测模型进行了验证研究。研究结果表明利用Hirsch模型预测动态模量的精度较好,只是在高温和低荷载频率时预测偏差较大。     

连续梁桥不同合龙方案对施工控制的影响

以某连续梁桥施工控制为例，分析了不同合龙方案对桥梁的累计位移和受力的影响，特别是对施工控制中的预拱度设置的影响，提出了合理的合龙方案及施工注意事项。     

温度对于沥青路面车辙的影响分析

温度是沥青路面产生车辙的一个重要因素,通过有限元和试验2个方面对于不同的温度进行车辙分析,得出高温是沥青路面产生车辙的主要原因,建议在沥青路面设计中应该给予温度足够的重视。     

基于动态粘弹力学的沥青胶浆高温性能试验研究

通过对粉煤灰、矿粉、消石灰、水泥4种矿物填料组成的沥青胶浆进行动态频率扫描试验和稳态流动试验,对4种不同矿物填料、不同粉胶比对沥青高温性能的影响进行了评价。研究表明:沥青胶浆的线粘弹范围小于沥青的线粘弹性范围;掺加4种矿物填料的沥青胶浆在代表胶浆的低温状态的高频区域内复合模量的增长趋向一致,在代表胶浆的高温状态的低频区域复合模量的差别变大;相同粉胶比下消石灰对沥青的高温性能提高最显著,其他依次为粉煤灰、水泥、矿粉,但后三者对沥青的影响差别不大;粉胶比的增加与复合模量、粘度的增加并不成正比例。     

多年冻土区路桥过渡段变形及地温场试验

根据多年冻土区路桥过渡段路基在竣工后3 a内的现场试验数据,分析了路基不同位置的地温变化、路基基底沉降变形和路基不同位置沿横向及纵向的沉降变形规律。结果表明:采用粗颗粒土填筑的过渡段路基对多年冻土区土体有明显的冷却效果,可防止多年冻土上限的下降;路基阳坡的沉降大于阴坡,而沿路基纵向,距离桥台越远路基沉降越大,但路基沿横向和纵向的沉降均满足工程要求;这种粗颗粒土填筑的路桥过渡段可适用于多年冻土区。