基于结构特征曲线的软岩隧道钢拱架力学效应研究

针对传统锚喷支护难以适应软岩隧道大变形的问题,文章通过把钢拱架和喷射混凝土同时工作分为钢拱架单独工作和联合工作两个阶段,利用SAP2000有限元程序研究了实腹式型钢拱架和空间钢桁架拱的力学特征及其单独工作的力学效应;考虑材料非线性与几何非线性,研究了钢拱架在不同支撑条件下的极限承载力和极限变形能力。结果表明:(1)将钢拱架单独工作作为支护的一个阶段是可行的;(2)侧向支撑及拱脚的约束情况对实腹式型钢拱架的作用效应有决定性影响;(3)空间钢桁架拱的整体刚度大于实腹式钢架拱,受侧向支撑影响小;(4)提出了提高钢拱架承载能力和变形能力的方法,为喷射混凝土及其它支护措施的实施提供了更多的时间和空间选择。     

连续梁桥典型变形对轨道几何形位演变的影响

研究目的:连续梁桥变形引起的轨道几何形位演变直接影响线路运营速度和行车安全。轨道几何形位演变的有效防控是保证轨道平顺性的核心关键。以考虑两侧简支梁引桥及路基影响的3跨连续梁桥为研究对象,基于作者已建立的连续梁桥典型变形引起轨道几何形位改变的映射解析计算模型,定量化研究桥墩沉降,梁端横、竖向转角及梁体横、竖向错台等典型变形对CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道结构轨道几何形位改变的影响,并提出钢轨变形防控措施。研究结论:(1)钢轨变形量与连续梁桥变形幅值呈正比,具有明显"跟随性";(2)连续梁桥变形导致较大扣件力集中在梁缝处;(3)无论是桥墩沉降、梁端转角还是梁体错台,都会使在桥梁变形区域边界处的钢轨产生"上翘"的现象,且"上翘"值与桥梁变形幅值呈正相关,合理控制变形区域边界处的钢轨上翘,可保证线路高效安全运营;(4)本研究结论可为防治轨道几何形位演变提供理论依据。     

四次Bézier曲线形状调整方法

分析已有的带形状调节参数的扩展Bézier基生成的曲线的方法,提出带调节参数的控制点变换阵的调整曲线形状的方法.其原理是通过将原来的Bézier曲线的控制点变换为新的一组控制点,进而生成新的Bézier曲线.这组控制点的位置与参数相关联,几何意义明显.     

填石路堤强夯加固施工参数及路基动应力响应规律研究

贵州西部山区的高速公路常采用高填石路堤,强夯法是控制高填石路堤填筑质量的有效方法之一。为确定填石路堤的强夯加固施工技术参数、探讨强夯冲击能量作用下填石路堤内部动应力响应规律,通过现场试验和FLAC3D数值模拟进行研究。采用动土压力盒、位移观测元件,测试强夯冲击能量作用下的动应力以及夯坑沉降量、夯锤周边地表变形等数据,并将现场测试结果与数值模拟结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明:在夯击能量3 000 kN·m下,强夯加固单点夯击次数为12击、夯点间距为4.5 m;强夯作用下填石路堤内部动应力峰值随深度呈指数形式衰减,并且根据动应力峰值的随深度衰减曲线,获得了夯击能量3 000 kN·m下填石路堤强夯有效加固深度为5.0 m。研究结果可为类似工程确定强夯加固施工参数及有效加固深度提供指导。     

复杂地质条件下TBM刀具失效形式及原因分析与应对措施

为研究分析复杂地质条件、不合理掘进参数等与TBM刀具异常损坏、刀具消耗的关系，以利于TBM掘进效率和施工成本的控制，在系统阐述TBM刀具常见失效形式的基础上，研究分析总推力、刀盘转速、刀具贯入度等掘进参数及不同围岩单轴抗压强度、石英质量分数等地质参数对刀具磨损及异常损坏的影响规律。以引汉济渭秦岭隧洞和中天山隧道工程为例，对刀具消耗及失效形式进行统计分析，并从刀具选型、检查及维修等方面，提出针对性的优化方法。最后，基于目前刀具配置及监测技术存在不足的现状，提出应进一步研发刀间距可调的刀具配置技术，以确保不同地质条件下的刀具破岩效率；同时，加强对TBM工作环境具有较强适应性的新型刀具状态监测系统的研发及应用。     

Driving cycles that reproduce driving patterns,energy consumptions and tailpipe emissions

This study presents the Energy Based Micro-trip (EBMT) method, which is a new method to construct driving cycles that represent local driving patterns and reproduce the real energy consumption and tailpipe emissions from vehicles in a given region. It uses data of specific energy consumption, speed, and percentage of idling time as criteria of acceptable representativeness. To study the performance of the EBMT, we used a database of speed, fuel consumption, and tailpipe emissions (CO₂, CO, and NO_x), which was obtained monitoring at 1 Hz, the operation of 15 heavy-duty vehicles when they operated within different traffic conditions, during eight months. The speed vs. time data contained in this database defined the local driving pattern, which was described by 19 characteristic parameters (CPs). Using this database, we ran the EBMT and described the resulting driving cycle by 19 characteristics parameters (CPs*). The relative differences between CPs and CPs* quantified how close the obtained driving cycle represented the driving pattern. To observe tendencies of our results, we repeated the process 1000 times and reported the average relative difference (ARD) and the interquartile range (IQR) of those differences for each CP.. We repeated the process for the case of a traditional Micro-trip method and compared to previous results. The driving cycles constructed by the EBMT method showed the lowest values of ARDs and IQRs, meaning that it produces driving cycles with the highest representativeness of the driving patterns, and the best reproduction of energy consumption, and tailpipe emissions.     

声波透射法在冲孔灌注桩质量检测中的应用研究

声波透射法是基桩质量检测中的常用方法之一,特别在大直径灌注桩的完整性检测中具有独特优势。本文对声波透射法的基本原理及检测方法进行了简要阐述,就如何获取声学参数及判定基桩完整性进行了分析,并结合工程实例加以分析和说明,对声波透射法检测技术的应用具有一定的参考价值。     

考虑表面粗糙度与轴瓦变形的水润滑轴承动力特性系数计算

本文在传统轴承动力学分析模型的基础上考虑了水润滑轴承轴瓦的刚度、阻尼和轴承质量以及可能存在的接触刚度、阻尼,推导了考虑表面粗糙度和轴瓦变形的扰动压力雷诺方程,对比了混合润滑模型与动力润滑模型、弹流润滑模型的轴承动力特性系数并分析其差异,研究了倾角、粗糙度等参数综合作用下水润滑轴承动力特性系数的变化规律。结果表明,最小膜厚比大于某一阈值时粗糙度增加可提高水膜动力特性系数,轴瓦变形会使动力特性系数减小,同时也会扩大使水膜刚度、阻尼获得增幅的粗糙度范围,但削弱了粗糙度对承载方向刚度、阻尼的增幅效果。此外,在承受载荷一定的条件下,粗糙轴承的动力特性系数在倾角较大时明显小于光滑轴承的对应值。     

Prediction and mitigation of out-of-plane welding distortion of a typical block in fabrication of a semi-submersible lifting and disassembly platform

Out-of-plane welding distortions of block structures during fabrication of offshore structure will significantly influence its dimensional accuracy and production schedule. Taking a B514 block of a semi-submersible lifting and disassembly platform as research object, typical welded joints and their welding conditions were summarized based on actual welding procedure specification (WPS). Effective thermal elastic plastic (TEP) finite element (FE) analysis with parallel computation technology was carried out to examine thermal-mechanical response. Welding inherent deformations, which are considered as the elementary cause of welding distortion, were then evaluated. With welding inherent deformations as mechanical loading, elastic finite element (FE) analysis was then employed to predict dimensional accuracy of examined B514 block, which has a good agreement with measurement data. In order to ensure the fabrication accuracy with less out-of-plane welding distortion, inverse deformation approach was applied to reduce the out-of-plane welding distortion, and influence of welding sequence on out-of-plane welding distortion was also examined. Both mitigation practices have obvious effect on dimensional accuracy of examined B514 block, while corresponding mechanical mechanisms were also clarified.     

Onboard tuning of vessel seakeeping model parameters and sea state characteristics

It is essential for a safe and cost-efficient marine operation to improve the knowledge about the real-time onboard vessel conditions. This paper proposes a novel algorithm for simultaneous tuning of important vessel seakeeping model parameters and sea state characteristics based on onboard vessel motion measurements and available wave data. The proposed algorithm is fundamentally based on the unscented transformation and inspired by the scaled unscented Kalman filter, which is very computationally efficient for large dimensional and nonlinear problems. The algorithm is demonstrated by case studies based on numerical simulations, considering realistic sensor noises and wave data uncertainties. Both long-crested and short-crested wave conditions are considered in the case studies. The system state of the proposed tuning framework consists of a vessel state vector and a sea state vector. The tuning results reasonably approach the true values of the considered uncertain vessel parameters and sea state characteristics, with reduced uncertainties. The quantification of the system state uncertainties helps to close a critical gap towards achieving reliability-based marine operations.