信号联动修正参数计算方法分析

为研究交通信号的自适应控制方法,需要对交叉口延误进行定量的分析与计算,而HCM2000推荐的延误计算模型对于自适应控制的信号交叉口的延误计算有不错的适用性。在此模型中,信号联动修正参数PF能较好的修正由于交叉口进行自适应控制而产生的延误变化。由于HCM2000给出的PF计算方法比较繁杂,计算方法的简化成为一个很好的研究切入点。     

重庆城市道路交叉口进口道通行能力调查研究

城市道路交叉口的通行能力是城市交通规划管理的基础参数。山地城市交叉口通行能力受多种因素影响,与平原区交叉口通行能力差别较大。通过分析交叉口通行能力的影响因素,选取具有代表性的交叉口,对其几何特征、交通特征进行观测,分析计算车头时距和启动延误数据,得到交叉口进口道的可能通行能力,发现山地城市交叉口一条进口道的可能通行能力比普通地区交叉口通行能力低200～400 PCU。     

世界银行贷款项目“卫津路拓宽工程”的经济效益计算

本市以天津城市主干道卫津路拓宽改造工程为例，论述城市道路经济效益计算方法。按全天高峰小时、非高峰小时，分别计算机动车和非机动车的运营成本、时间价值及事故费用，采用有、无项目对比法．进行经济效益计算。经济效益中以车辆行程时间延误与路口时间延误的节约作为主要效益。     

Auto-ignition and micro-explosion behaviors of droplet arrays of water-in-fuel emulsion

The characteristics of auto-ignition and micro-explosion behaviors of one-dimensional arrays of fuel droplets suspended in a chamber with high surrounding temperature were investigated experimentally with various droplet spacings, numbers of droplet and surrounding temperatures. The fuels used were pure n-decane and emulsified n-decane with varied water contents ranging from 10 to 30%. All experiments were performed under atmospheric conditions with high surrounding temperatures. An imaging technique using a high-speed camera was adopted to measure ignition delay, flame lifetime, and flame spread speed. The camera was also used to observe micro-explosion behaviors. As the droplet array spacing increased, the ignition delay also increased, regardless of water content. However, the lifetime of the droplet array decreased as the droplet spacing increased. The micro-explosion starting time remained unchanged regardless of the number of the droplets or the droplet spacing; however, it tended to be delayed slightly as the water percentage and droplet spacing increased.     

航班延误恢复调度的混合粒子群算法

为了优化航班延误恢复调度, 考虑了航班延误的经济效益、社会影响和经济损失构成, 定义了航线影响因子, 构建了一种新的航班延误恢复调度模型, 将局部搜索方法引入到粒子群算法中, 提出了求解航班延误恢复调度问题的混合粒子群算法。计算结果表明: 与先来先服务调度方法相比, 混合粒子群算法可以减少航班延误损失4.2%, 与基本粒子群算法和进化策略算法相比, 混合粒子群算法平均可减少航班延误损失2.0%, 随着航班延误恢复规模的增大, 算法优势会更明显。     

Operating cost based cruise speed reduction for ground delay programs: Effect of scope length

Ground delay programs typically involve the delaying of aircraft that are departing from origin airports within some set distance of a capacity constrained destination airport. Long haul flights are not delayed in this way. A trade-off exists when fixing the distance parameter: increasing the ‘scope’ distributes delay among more aircraft and may reduce airborne holding delay but could also result in unnecessary delay in the (frequently observed) case of early program cancellation. In order to overcome part of this drawback, a fuel based cruise speed reduction strategy aimed at realizing airborne delay, was suggested by the authors in previous publications. By flying slower, at a specific speed, aircraft that are airborne can recover part of their initially assigned delay without incurring extra fuel consumption if the ground delay program is canceled before planned. In this paper, the effect of the scope of the program is assessed when applying this strategy. A case study is presented by analyzing all the ground delay programs that took place at San Francisco, Newark Liberty and Chicago O’Hare International airports during one year. Results show that by the introduction of this technique it is possible to define larger scopes, partially reducing the amount of unrecovered delay.     

列车晚点情况下的地铁运营调整自组织机制研究

在细致梳理他组织模式下的列车运行调整规则与策略基础上,引入智能体概念,借鉴“沙丁鱼群”运动效应,将邻近两列车间的运行时间距离划分为排斥间隔、协同间隔和吸引间隔,继而建立列车间的协同运动关系.运用仿真技术实现了晚点情况下的列车运行调整自组织算例,论证了自组织调整机制的有效性和应用性.     

Performance comparison between pedestrian push-button and pre-timed pedestrian crossings at midblock: a Korean case study

Walking has been highlighted as an independent transportation mode as well as an access/egress mode to/from public transit to encourage the use of more sustainable transport systems. However, walking does not seem to have priority over other transportation modes, especially in areas where various modes of movement are in conflict. The pedestrian push-button system seems to be a solution to distribute the right of way. The focus of this study is on the performance issue of the pedestrian push-button. Specifically, this study deals with issues related to mid-block crossings and attempts to answer two questions: whose waiting time is longer at pre-timed and push-button crossings, pedestrians, or vehicles? and which system – pre-timed or push-button – is better in terms of total waiting time? According to our simulation analyses, if the pedestrian flow rate is less than 120, 85, and 70 ped/h for two-, three-, and four-lane roads, respectively, the push-button system is recommended.     

An investigation of the effects of pneumatic actuator design on slip control for heavy vehicles

Progress in reducing actuator delays in pneumatic brake systems is opening the door for advanced anti-lock braking algorithms to be used on heavy goods vehicles. However, little has been published on slip controllers for air-braked heavy vehicles, or the effects of slow pneumatic actuation on their design and performance. This paper introduces a sliding mode slip controller for air-braked heavy vehicles. The effects of pneumatic actuator delays and flow rates on stopping performance and air (energy) consumption are presented through vehicle simulations. Finally, the simulations are validated with experiments using a hardware-in-the-loop rig. It is shown that for each wheel, pneumatic valves with delays smaller than 3 ms and orifice diameters around 8 mm provide the best performance.