Bike route choice modeling using GPS data without choice sets of paths

Concerned by the nuisances of motorized travel on urban life, policy makers are faced with the challenge of making cycling a more attractive alternative for everyday transportation. Route choice models can help achieve this objective by gaining insights into the trade-offs cyclists make when choosing their routes and by allowing the effect of infrastructure improvements to be analyzed. We estimate a link-based bike route choice model from a sample of GPS observations in the city of Eugene on a network comprising over 40,000 links. The so-called recursive logit (RL) model (Fosgerau et al., 2013) does not require to sample any choice set of paths. We show the advantages of this approach in the context of prediction by focusing on two applications of the model: link flows and accessibility measures. Compared to the path-based approach which requires to generate choice sets, the RL model proves to make significant gains in computational time and to avoid paradoxical accessibility measure results discussed in previous works, e.g. Nassir et al. (2014).     

Free-floating bike sharing: Solving real-life large-scale static rebalancing problems

Free-floating bike sharing (FFBS) is an innovative bike sharing model. FFBS saves on start-up cost, in comparison to station-based bike sharing (SBBS), by avoiding construction of expensive docking stations and kiosk machines. FFBS prevents bike theft and offers significant opportunities for smart management by tracking bikes in real-time with built-in GPS. However, like SBBS, the success of FFBS depends on the efficiency of its rebalancing operations to serve the maximal demand as possible.Bicycle rebalancing refers to the reestablishment of the number of bikes at sites to desired quantities by using a fleet of vehicles transporting the bicycles. Static rebalancing for SBBS is a challenging combinatorial optimization problem. FFBS takes it a step further, with an increase in the scale of the problem. This article is the first effort in a series of studies of FFBS planning and management, tackling static rebalancing with single and multiple vehicles. We present a Novel Mixed Integer Linear Program for solving the Static Complete Rebalancing Problem. The proposed formulation, can not only handle single as well as multiple vehicles, but also allows for multiple visits to a node by the same vehicle. We present a hybrid nested large neighborhood search with variable neighborhood descent algorithm, which is both effective and efficient in solving static complete rebalancing problems for large-scale bike sharing programs.Computational experiments were carried out on the 1 Commodity Pickup and Delivery Traveling Salesman Problem (1-PDTSP) instances used previously in the literature and on three new sets of instances, two (one real-life and one general) based on Share-A-Bull Bikes (SABB) FFBS program recently launched at the Tampa campus of University of South Florida and the other based on Divvy SBBS in Chicago. Computational experiments on the 1-PDTSP instances demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms a tabu search algorithm and is highly competitive with exact algorithms previously reported in the literature for solving static rebalancing problems in SBSS. Computational experiments on the SABB and Divvy instances, demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to deal with the increase in scale of the static rebalancing problem pertaining to both FFBS and SBBS, while deriving high-quality solutions in a reasonable amount of CPU time.     

Japanese perspective of driver information systems

A perspective view of of Japanese R&D activities of Driver Information Systems is given from the standpoint of developing joint projects by public and private sectors. First, a brief history of the R&D activities is illustrated from above mentioned standpoint. Then, two major projects, AMTICS and RACS, and the social backgrounds of these projects are explained. In order to give a clear idea of both projects some technical details are treated.Based on the history and the present status of the developments, the basic design conceptions of Japanese Driver Information Systems are explained and several factors or reasons which have influenced to the design conception are discussed. Then, the promoting systems of the R&D activities are generally explained and present status of the projects and future problems in developing more advanced systems are also handled. A brief discussion on the establishment of international standard is also mentioned as a final comment.     

考虑车辆限行和装箱约束的车辆路径优化方法

在实际配送过程中,考虑到部分城市道路存在限制大型配送车辆通行的现状,以及运输途中车厢内物品满足后进先出等装载约束能有效提高装卸效率的特点,将车辆限行和二维装箱约束加入到需求可拆分车辆路径问题中。同时考虑到车辆的使用成本和行驶成本,以车辆总配送成本最小为目标构建考虑车辆限行和二维装箱约束的需求可拆分车辆路径问题数学模型,设计了启发式算法来求解该模型,其中模拟退火算法确定需求拆分下的车辆配送路径,且在当前最优解判断时调用BLF算法检验物品的二维装箱约束,来减少频繁调用BLF算法的时间。数值案例验证了模型和算法的实用性,且所提出的算法的求解结果波动不大于0.8%,能在合理的时间范围内求解得到较好的配送方案,在车辆限行区域内采用双车型配送能节省15.17%~31.27%的总配送成本。     

自动驾驶地图的发展路线探析

地理信息与国家安全密切相关,设计到了方方面面的工作内容,因此,在地图测绘的工作过程中,许多工作都有着在严格的限制.尤其是在高精度地图的测绘工作中,需要专业化的工作人员、专业的测绘工具等开展工作,还需要有甲级测绘资质的单位,完成专业化的工作.因为自动驾驶对于高精度地图有着依赖性的要求,也是在精度方面提出了更好的要求,自动...     

芜湖长江三桥钢桁梁分层变幅法架设技术

芜湖长江三桥主桥为主跨588 m的双塔双索面斜拉桥,其钢主梁采用三角形桁式的双主桁布置,上层为板桁组合结构、下层为箱桁组合结构,采用分层变幅法进行钢主梁标准节段的悬臂架设.钢梁起吊设备选择整体底盘双臂杆结构,变幅范围为5～22 m的变幅式架梁吊机,站位于上弦杆节点处.钢梁采用"3+1"分层匹配法制造,运输船分层纵列运输...     

“中—尼—印铁路通道”线路设计及建设可行性分析

随着我国"一带一路"倡议的推进,跨国运输通道的建设成为倡议实施的关键环节之一,而我国建设复杂地质条件下跨国基础设施的经验尚不丰富。"中—尼—印铁路通道"是一条途经尼泊尔,连接中国和印度2个大国的运输通道,基于实地考察,分析该通道建设的必要性及建成后的效益,对线路进行初步规划,并总结该通道建设的难点:铁路轨道坡度大;沿线区域地质构造复杂;周边基础设施落后,施工条件恶劣;大量深长隧道以及大跨径高桥梁;环境以及气候条件复杂。同时对沿线隧道以及桥梁的建设可行性进行分析,并给出施工建议:沿线隧道采用以TBM法为主、钻爆法为辅的施工方法;桥梁建设则因地制宜,根据不同区间的地质特点,采用相应的建设方法。     

信息影响条件下考虑出行异质性的路径选择模型

出行者路径选择行为的研究对于预测城市交通流时空分布规律及维持网络经济、高效运转具有重要意义.为了探究多类型异质出行者路径选择行为的异同,研究了基于累积前景理论的多类别异质出行者路径选择模型.通过定义出行者参考点,引入考虑时间价值系数的风险敏感系数计算方法,以保证异质出行者拥有异质的风险偏好,研究分析了是否提供实时路况信息2种情境下常规通行者与通勤者路径选择行为的异同.数值算例表明,拥有较大参考点的出行者更倾向于保守地选择一条出行时间较长的道路,而其他人则更加冒险.此外,与通勤者相比,当备选方案均可以满足自身出行需求且自身参考点足够大时,常规出行者更愿意忽视风险,以获得更高的出行收益.     

路锥投收自动控制系统的研制

针对高速公路交通事故现场快速隔离、警示和防护等日益增强的需求,提出一种新型路锥自动投收装置的系统设计方案.针对传统大型路锥投收装置费用高、结构复杂的弊端,利用虚拟样机技术开展紧凑型路锥自动铺设、回收一体化装置的机械结构的设计,包括路锥的叠置、拾取、传送、放置等机构.并利用Pro/E、ADMAS等仿真软件进行仿真测试.基于ARM提出嵌入式的系统总体设计方案:以uCOS-II操作系统为平台,以STM32系列单片机为CPU,完成控制器的软硬件设计,并采用"S"型加减速控制曲线策略实现电机的平滑控制.基于Android开发了操作方便、友好的人机交互接口,以"蓝牙"作为上下位机的通信桥梁,以RSA算法作为上下位机数据交互中的安全的保障.实车测试结果表明,该设计方案的路锥投放与回收成功率均达到95%,基本符合要求.但高、低速时路锥投放、回收的成功率差异较大(6%),此外,路锥的倒伏率达到5%,该单项指标基本不满足设计要求.     

基于瞬时阻抗的路径规划策略仿真性能评估

根据对实时路况的数据处理方式,常见的动态路径规划策略可分为瞬时阻抗T-SPF和平均阻抗A-SPF两种方式.如何验证这些策略的个体效益及其对城市路网的中长期影响一直是相关系统部署的核心问题.针对这一问题,通过Vissim的Car2X模块与自定义程序实现了仿真中的动态转向,并以现实路网为蓝本,对T-SPF和A-SPF在不同程度的市场占有率情况下的运行性能进行了测试.测试结果表明2种现有策略都存在各自的问题;当市场占有率达到15%以上时,T-SPF 策略可能令路网的通行容量处于振荡状态,而实施了 A-SPF 的路网的平均延误和通行量表现稳定,但在个体效益方面表现还不如静态策略.建议为城市路网实施路径规划时设计新的策略以及与之匹配的信号优化机制.