Network design for personal rapid transit under transit-oriented development

This study addresses guideway network design for personal rapid transit (PRT) favoring transit-oriented development. The guideway network design problem seeks to minimize both the guideway construction cost and users’ travel time. In particular, a set of optional points, known as Steiner points, are introduced in the graph to reduce the guideway length. The model is formulated as a combined Steiner and assignment problem, and a Lagrangian relaxation based solution algorithm is developed to solve the optimal solution. Numerical studies are carried on a real-sized network, and illustrate that the proposed model and solution algorithm can solve the PRT guideway network design problem effectively.     

泵喷推进器抗空化性能分析

为改善泵喷推进器抗空化性能以提高舰艇推进器空化初始航速,在验证所用方法可信性的基础上,运用三维反问题设计方法及计算流体力学方法对某排水型船进行泵喷推进器大样本优化设计。结果表明:泵喷推进器低压区的存在形式有3种,即大面积存在、局部存在、在叶片导边和导管进口外壁面呈线状分布;从尺寸选型、叶片负载分布、毂径比、入流角4个方面进行优化设计后,泵喷推进器抗空化性能明显提高。所总结的优化设计方法同样适用于泵喷推进器及导管桨等类似结构推进器的抗空化性能改善。     

Transit stop inspection and maintenance scheduling: A GPU accelerated metaheuristics approach

Bus stops are integral elements of a transit system and as such, their efficient inspection and maintenance is required, for proper and attractive transit operations. Nevertheless, spatial dispersion and the extensive number of bus stops, even for mid-size transit systems, complicates scheduling of inspection and maintenance tasks. In this context, the problem of scheduling transit stop inspection and maintenance activities (TSIMP) by a two-stage optimization approach, is formulated and discussed. In particular, the first stage involves districting of the bus stop locations into areas of responsibility for different inspection and maintenance crews (IMCs), while in the second stage, determination of the sequence of bus stops to be visited by an IMC is modelled as a vehicle routing problem. Given the complexity of proposed optimization models, advanced versions of different metaheuristic algorithms (Harmony Search and Ant Colony Optimization) are exploited and assessed as possible options for solving these models. Furthermore, two variants of ACO are implemented herein; one implemented into a CPU parallel computing environment along with an accelerated one by means of general-purpose graphics processing unit (GPGPU) computing. The model and algorithms are applied to the Athens (Greece) bus system, whose extensive number of transit stops (over 7500) offers a real-world test bed for assessing the potential of the proposed modelling approach and solution algorithms. As it was shown for the test example examined, both algorithms managed to achieve optimized solutions for the problem at hand while there were fund robust with respect to their algorithmic parameters. Furthermore, the use of graphics processing units (GPU) managed to reduce of computational time required.     

基于客户分类的即时配送路径优化研究

大数据背景下即时配送平台对客户进行精细化管理已成为可能.为寻求企业长期发展，将客户分类融入到车辆路径问题中，用有限的资源提高配送准时性以得到优质客户的维持和发展，为企业赢得更多潜在效益.本文结合客户的消费行为将客户分为多个层级，根据每层级客户的特点设置超时惩罚成本，构建出基于客户分类的即时配送路径优化模型，并根据问题特点设计遗传算法求解，最后，结合某即时配送平台的业务场景进行案例分析，验证了模型和算法的有效性.     

A semi-analytical approach for solving the bottleneck model with general user heterogeneity

This paper proposes a novel semi-analytical approach for solving the dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) of a bottleneck model with general heterogeneous users. The proposed approach makes use of the analytical solutions from the bottleneck analysis to create an equivalent assignment problem that admits closed-form commute cost functions. The equivalent problem is a static and asymmetric traffic assignment problem, which can be formulated as a variational inequality problem (VIP). This approach provides a new tool to analyze the properties of the bottleneck model with general heterogeneity, and to design efficient solution methods. In particular, the existence and uniqueness of the DUE solution can be established using the P-property of the Jacobian matrix. Our numerical experiments show that a simple decomposition algorithm is able to quickly solve the equivalent VIP to high precision. The proposed VIP formation is also extended to address simultaneous departure time and route choice in a single O–D origin-destination network with multiple parallel routes.     

二七长江大桥2号试桩承载力自平衡测试研究

采用自平衡试桩法对二七长江大桥2号试桩进行测试,试验采集了桩身应力、荷载箱位移等数据,并采用改进荷载传递函数转换法等效转换成传统静载下的桩顶荷载及相应沉降,确定试桩单桩极限承载力。     

舰船腐蚀防护存在的问题及建议

从腐蚀防护顶层设计、定量控制、标准规范建设等8个方面分析了当前舰船腐蚀防护工作存在的问题,提出加强认识、重视基础建设、实现规范化管理等解决措施和建议。     

质量——企业的生命线

该文首先,阐述了工程质量的重要性;接着,分析了建筑市场产品质量存在的问题及其原因;最后,探讨了若干确保工程质量的措施,并提出要明确企业的经营宗旨,树立正确的企业精神。其内容可供同行参考。     

高速公路与石油、天然气管线交叉(伴行)问题的解决方案研究探析

该文通过实际施工案例的分析,对高速公路与管线交叉(伴行)问题产生时的相关解决方案进行了整理研究。该项研究的内容从公路与管线的交叉情况出发,根据以往的类似情况的处理案例进行了解决对策的分析。通过对已经竣工的工程内容的分析可以看出,解决高速公路与管线交叉的施工问题要依循基本的管线保护政策和相关制度,将协商处理和保护涵的处理结合起来,实际解决高速公路的施工问题。