What does a one-month free bus ticket do to habitual drivers? An experimental analysis of habit and attitude change

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a temporary structural change would induce a lasting increase in drivers' public transport use. An experiment targeting 43 drivers was carried out, in which a one-month free bus ticket was given to 23 drivers in an experimental group but not to 20 drivers in a control group. Attitudes toward, habits of, and frequency of using automobile and bus were measured immediately before, immediately after, and one month after the one-month long intervention. The results showed that attitudes toward bus were more positive and that the frequency of bus use increased, whereas the habits of using automobile decreased from before the intervention, even one month after the intervention period. Furthermore, the increase in habitual bus use had the largest effect on the increase in the frequency of bus use. The results suggest that a temporary structural change, such as offering auto drivers a temporary free bus ticket, may be an important travel demand management tool for converting automotive travel demand to public-transport travel demand.     

铁路客运需求弹性分析与营销对策

旅客的需求是保持和推动运输企业生存和发展的动力．如何提高市场占有率,增加需求量(客运量)就成了运输企业营销的首要问题．本文试图引用"需求弹性"理论,对我国铁路客运进行实绩分析,提出相应的营销对策     

一种新型微砂沉淀处理工艺在河道水处理中的应用

将微砂高效沉淀处理工艺应用于上海某河道水处理中。该套微砂沉淀处理装置采用一体化处理工艺,主要包括混凝区、絮凝熟化区、沉淀区和微砂循环与分离系统四个组成部分。工程中采用2套微砂沉淀处理装置,总处理规模2万m3/d。实现结果表明,该种新型微砂沉淀处理对河道水处理的效果是明显的。在实验观察的时间段内,COD、氨氮和TP的去除效果分别达到27.5%、58.8%和42.5%。然而,氨氮的去除很可能伴随着硝态氮的产生,对总氮的去除增益不大。     

城轨交通乘客出行信息需求分析及对策研究

乘客出行信息系统是城市轨道交通信息系统的重要组成部分,对提高乘客满意度、改善乘车秩序和减少事故发生具有重要作用.为提供良好的乘客信息服务,必须要明确乘客在不同出行阶段的具体信息需求.采用归纳分析和现场调查相结合的方式,对城市轨道交通乘客出行信息的需求进行系统研究,提出相应的对策,为完善乘客出行信息系统和进一步提升城市轨道交通的服务质量提供必要的支持.     

基于关键客流密度选择支路公交运营模式的方法

公交支线采用灵活式运营模式,可以通过接驳点将所服务区与交通网连接起来,为乘客提供更有效快捷的运行方式.但在实际的设计和运营过程中,往往很难选择运用何种模式更合适.鉴于此,提出公交运营模式选择模型以协助决策者做出更合理的选择.采用连续近似方法估算关键需求密度,通过分析单车辆和双车辆情况下的运营参数,比较模拟生成的值,验证分析建模方法的有效性.     

市域铁路与城市地铁共站换乘模式分析

依据换乘站点的规模与客流之间的相互影响关系,将市域铁路与城市地铁共站换乘方式分为单点、两点和多点三种类型.重点对各共站换乘方式的方向梯度、时间梯度、可达性梯度、费用梯度等进行抽象分析,构建共站节点需求双对数模型并进行回归分析,并引用实例对模型进行验证.     

基于土地利用的出租车停靠规模预测方法

在当前出租车招手即停的运行模式下，许多城市采用站点间距方法预测出租车停靠站规模，难以体现出租车停靠站的功能。从出租车停靠需求特征及其产生的源头出发，探求出租车停靠需求与土地利用之间的内在关系，建立基于土地利用的出租车停靠规模预测模型，并以深圳市宝安区为例，提出了预测模型的算法。实践结果表明，所提出的预测模型能较好地体现用地与出租车停靠需求的关系，客观反映出租车停靠站的的实际发展要求，预测方法科学、合理、可行。     

价值管理在建设工程投标中的应用

价值管理是一种以价值为导向的有组织的创造性活动,在施工投标阶段中价值管理方法全面考虑投标单位的情况,分析市场情形,在降低工程项目成本和增强项目功能方面具有显著的效果。一般总承包项目投标阶段既包括了施工图设计阶段,也包括了施工实践阶段,在这一阶段,运用价值管理手段所带来的节约潜力是巨大的。     

The shape of MaaS: The potential for MaaS Lite

Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is about improving mobility for people. Since Gothenburg piloted the first multi-modal Mobility as a Service (MaaS) scheme from 2012, there have been many further attempts at introducing connected and bundled services globally, invariably provided as a mobile app and a single, simple ticketing interface. As in any emerging paradigm, the varying flavour, or ‘shapes’ of MaaS that are piloted reflect the search for a sustainable business model and connectivity between transport operators at varying levels that includes risk reallocation and data sharing. The varying levels of success of MaaS and Mobility on Demand (MOD) lead the authors to propose MaaS Lite, which reflects an incremental approach to MaaS based on a simpler organisational arrangement that does not depend upon the introduction of a Mobility Operator as a new player. MaaS Lite also recognises that most trips are not complex at all, often based on one or two connected mechanised modes that meets highly local needs, including FMLM service connectivity.Overall, MaaS is not a ‘one size fits all’ solution for all regions but the benefits of the highly targeted MaaS Lite could realise early public benefits as a first step in the development of a multi-phased ‘services road map’ that evolves towards the implementation of multi-modal, region-wide operationally integrated MaaS. Case studies in Hong Kong and Brisbane demonstrate the merits of MaaS Lite in these two contrasting environments having different regulatory regimes, population densities and levels of private car ownership.     

Modeling the effects of traveler information on freeway origin–destination demand prediction

The primary focus of this research is to develop an approach to capture the effect of travel time information on travelers’ route switching behavior in real-time, based on on-line traffic surveillance data. It also presents a freeway Origin–Destination demand prediction algorithm using an adaptive Kalman Filtering technique, where the effect of travel time information on users’ route diversion behavior has been explicitly modeled using a dynamic, aggregate, route diversion model. The inherent dynamic nature of the traffic flow characteristics is captured using a Kalman Filter modeling framework. Changes in drivers’ perceptions, as well as other randomness in the route diversion behavior, have been modeled using an adaptive, aggregate, dynamic linear model where the model parameters are updated on-line using a Bayesian updating approach. The impact of route diversion on freeway Origin–Destination demands has been integrated in the estimation framework. The proposed methodology is evaluated using data obtained from a microscopic traffic simulator, INTEGRATION. Experimental results on a freeway corridor in northwest Indiana establish that significant improvement in Origin–Destination demand prediction can be achieved by explicitly accounting for route diversion behavior.