基于视距的城市道路线形指标及优化措施研究

城市道路由于受到建设条件制约经常会采用较小的平、纵线形指标,其中地下道路和高架道路的曲线路段由于受到中隔墙、侧墙、结构顶板或防撞墙、防眩设施、声屏障等结构物的影响,易造成视距不足,为道路运营带来了安全隐患。在总结分析行车视距验算方法及规范要求值的基础上,采用数值解析法计算得到城市道路不同设计速度和视距要求下的平曲线、竖曲线半径对应值,并提出了视距不足时的优化设计措施,以期为日后的相关工作提供参考。     

Total cost analysis: An alternative to benefit-cost analysis in evaluating transportation alternatives

This paper explains the theory in support of total cost analysis (TCA) to compare transportation system alternatives. The full costs of each alternative are first aggregated, including travel time costs and monetizable environmental and social costs. Many costs which are considered on the benefits side of the equation in benefit-cost analysis (BCA) as "cost savings" are brought over to the costs side. Total cost differences among alternatives are then traded off against their estimated non-monetized benefits or impacts, just as a consumer trades off product quality against cost before deciding which product he or she will buy. One advantage of TCA over traditional BCA is that the concept of "total cost" is more easily understood by the public and by political decision-makers than BCA concepts such as "net present worth", "benefit-cost ratio" and "internal rate of return". A second advantage is that there is no suggestion that all "benefits" have been considered; decision-makers are free to use their own value judgements to trade off total cost against non-monetizable social, environmental and economic impacts, just as they trade off quality and convenience against cost when purchasing goods and services in their roles as consumers. The TCA approach is demonstrated in this paper through a case study of two systemwide alternatives for the Baltimore, MD urban area.     

Uncertain demand,modal competition and optimal price-capacity adjustments in air transportation

A new microeconomic model for the operation of an airline facing modal competition with uncertain total demand is developed to analyze optimal price capacity combinations. The novelty is the treatment of the capacity restriction, which is not viewed as affecting negatively individual preferences (e.g. probability of a full flight), but does influence aggregate utility. A mode choice model is used to represent unrestricted individual preferences assuming full availability (phone call demand); air capacity is treated as a variable that acts on the actual choice set. Restricted choices and total demand stochasticity are integrated in welfare calculations (users' benefits and profits). Numerical examples are given and results are analyzed in terms of load factors fare levels, and sensitivity to the stochasticity of requests.This research was partially funded by FONDECYT, Chile, Direction Génerale de l'Aviation Civile, France, the Andes Foundation and the Fulbright Commission.     

基于响应面法的桥面结构可靠度近似计算

结合南城大桥工程背景,在利用大型有限元计算程序对桥面结构进行受力分析的基础上,应用响应面法的理论和方法对桥面结构的可靠度进行近似计算。     

滑模摊铺水泥混凝土路面施工配合比计算方法

本文针对我国目前大规模采用滑模摊铺机施工高速公路水泥混凝土路面，为适应滑模摊铺施工机械性能，充分发挥滑模摊铺机施工优势，确保水泥混凝土路面强度、平整度等指标而提出的水泥混凝土施工配合比计算方法。     

部分剪力连接钢-混凝土组合梁附加变形计算

本文在滑移应变微分方程的基础上 ,建立部分剪力连接钢 -混凝土简支组合梁由滑移引起的附加变形方程及组合梁变形计算的一般公式 ,得到了部分剪力连接简支组合梁的附加变形和变形与剪力连接程度系数之间的关系与规律 ,公式简单实用     

沥青混合料最大理论密度的计算

通过对矿质集料的物理状态及其在混合料中存在方式进行分析,探讨了沥青混合料最大理论密度计算中矿料密度的引用及其影响.     

公路特大型泥石流研究及防治新理念

作为我国一种严重的公路水毁类型，公路特大型泥石流灾害至今尚未解决，本文建构了该类泥石流研究及防治新理念，对于公路建筑物的安全与稳定、确保公路交通有序进行具有重要意义。研究认为，公路泥石流研究及防治的主要对象是具有大冲大淤性能、毁损作用强烈的特大型泥石流；必须遵循以泥石流发育机理研究为基础、防治技术研究为手段、防治工程研究为目的的研究原则；详细分析了公路泥石流水毁模式，概化分析了冲淤变动型沟谷泥石流的发育特性；开发了防治效果极佳的速流结构，运用运动状态函数法建构了速流结构设计理念，运用动力学建构了泥石流最大抛程计算理论。     

连续斜梁桥受竖向荷载时的内力近似计算

应用斜梁桥与正梁桥之间夹角的余弦关系，找到了一种求解连续斜梁桥赘余未知力的近似方法。它把一个连续斜梁桥的力学问题转化为连续正梁桥的力学问题。通过几个算例的验证，其计算结果不但具有较高的精度，而且其计算过程可以应用一般平面杆系有限元法的计算程序来完成。因此，它给设计人员带来很大的方便。     

提高圩区自然抗洪排涝能力的探讨

本文结合无锡市圩区的自然条件．对圩区地面迳流成因及水量平衡、典型年份水位持续天数及对应降水量、排涝标准与圩区地面标高的关系等问题作了分析探讨；对提高圩区规划地面标准作了准优化计算。