事故树分析法在城市轨道交通事故分析中的应用

从系统工程学的角度出发,将广泛应用于系统安全研究中的事故树分析方法应用到城市轨道交通事故分析中。分析城市轨道交通运营事故中脱轨这一典型事故。通过分析引起列车脱轨事故各个因素,得出城市轨道交通脱轨事故的发生概率较小,预防和控制难度较大的结论。该研究有助于城市轨道交通运营公司对引起该事故发生的各个因素提高警惕意识,也为运营安全管理工作提供理论依据。     

不同车轮踏面对高速轮轨关系的影响研究

根据中国高速铁路的现状,在轮对内侧距选用1353、轨底坡选用1:40、钢轨选用中国高速钢轨cHN60的前提下,研究了CRH2上使用的LMa、CRH3上使用的S1002G和日本新干线圆弧车轮JP-ARC这3种踏面对CHN60轮轨的影响.研究结果表明,LMa与CHN60的轮轨接触点分布比较均匀,有利于车轮型面的保持;其次是...     

Structural safety of trams in case of misguidance in a switch

Tram vehicles mainly operate on street tracks where sometimes misguidance in switches occurs due to unfavourable conditions. Generally, in this situation, the first running gear of the vehicle follows the bend track while the next running gears continue straight ahead. This leads to a constraint that can only be solved if the vehicle's articulation is damaged or the wheel derails. The last-mentioned situation is less critical in terms of safety and costs. Five different tram types, one of them high floor, the rest low floor, were examined analytically. Numerical simulation was used to determine which wheel would be the first to derail and what level of force is needed in the articulation area between two carbodies to make a tram derail. It was shown that with pure analytical simulation, only an idea of which tram type behaves better or worse in such a situation can be gained, while a three-dimensional computational simulation gives more realistic values for the forces that arise. Three of the four low-floor tram types need much higher articulation forces to make a wheel derail in a switch misguidance situation. One particular three-car type with two single-axle running gears underneath the centre car must be designed to withstand nearly three times higher articulation forces than a conventional high-floor articulated tram. Tram designers must be aware of that and should design the carbody accordingly.     

Indirect method for wheel–rail force measurement and derailment evaluation

Wheel set flange derailment criteria for railway vehicles are derived and the influence of wheel–rail contact parameters is studied. An indirect method for wheel–rail force measurement based on these derailment evaluation criteria is proposed. Laboratory tests for the calibration of strain–force devices on the bearing box are carried out to determine the relationship between the applied force and the measured strain. The simulation package, SIMPACK, is used to develop a passenger car model to generate wheel–rail forces and vibration signals. Different cases are considered in this model to provide an accurate validation of the identified wheel–rail forces. A feasibility test is conducted in the Beijing Loop test line using a passenger car equipped with a set of strain gauges on the wheel set. The comparison of the force time history applied to the instrumented wheel set and that obtained using the indirect method is presented.     

既有铁路桥墩健全度评估和试验方法研究

铁路桥梁检定部门主要依据《铁路桥梁检定规范》对铁路桥墩进行状态评估。由于桥墩在列车激励下的振幅随列车的种类、速度、轴重以及轨道不平顺状态的不同而变化,所以利用振幅指标难以定量判断桥墩的损伤。为此,通过理论分析、数值模拟计算、实验室试验和现场试验,对冲击振动试验法进行系统的研究,提出基于自振频率指标的桥墩健全度评估方法。主要研究内容如下。(1)从理论上给出推导冲击振动试验法的基本原理,编制冲击振动试验信号处理的计算机程序。(2)通过实验室试验和悬臂墩、简支梁、单墩桥梁体系、多墩多梁桥梁体系及空间桁梁模型等数…     

船舶安全评价探讨

长江港口通过多年大规模的建设,已成为沿江综合运输体系的重要枢纽,承担了沿江能源、外贸物资、石油、集装箱、煤、矿石等货物的运输任务。近十几年来是长江港口基础设施投入资金最多,基础设施建设最快,港口结构调整成效显著,港口吞吐量增长迅速,科技含量、管理水平和人员素质迅速提升的时期,港口建设取得了巨大的成就,港口综合竞争力明显提高。如何综合考核港口发展状况是当前的一项重要课题。     

Experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle

This paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle. Tests were carried out under quasi-steady-state conditions, on a full-scale roller rig, and allowed to point out the effect of different parameters like the wheelset's angle of attack and the ratio between the vertical loads acting on the flanging and non-flanging wheels. On the basis of the test results, some existing derailment criteria are analysed in this paper and two new criteria are proposed. A model of wheel-rail contact is proposed for the mathematical modelling of the flange climb process, and numerical vs. experimental comparisons are used to obtain model validation.     

Dynamic Train-Track Interaction: Variability Attributable to Scatter in the Track Properties

A numerical method to simulate vertical dynamic interaction between a rolling train and a railway track has been used to investigate the influence of stochastic properties of the track structure. A perturbation technique has been used to investigate the influence of the scatter in selected track properties. The train-track interaction problem has been numerically solved by use of an extended state-space vector approach in conjunction with a complex modal superposition for the whole track structure. All numerical simulations have been carried out in the time-domain with a moving mass model. Properties such as rail pad stiffness, ballast stiffness, dynamic ballast-subgrade mass and sleeper spacing have been studied. To obtain sufficient statistical information from track structures, full-scale measurements in the field and laboratory measurements have been carried out. The influence of scatter in the track properties on the maximum contact force between the rail and the wheel, the maximum magnitude of the vertical wheelset acceleration, and the maximum sleeper displacement have been studied. Mean values and standard deviations of these quantities have been calculated. The effects of the variation of the investigated track properties are discussed.     

基于现场钻芯取样的沥青结构层抗车辙性能评价方法

为了快速检测与评价所铺筑沥青路面结构的抗车辙性能,提高沥青路面施工质量水平,首先设计了圆柱形试件车辙试验所需的试验模具,采用ANSYS软件模拟圆柱形试件和板式试件的车辙试验,分析了圆柱形芯样车辙试验的可行性;其次采用2种基质沥青、1种改性沥青、5种级配的5组沥青混合料,在不同厚度和温度条件下进行圆柱形芯样车辙试验,分析确定了圆柱形芯样车辙试验的条件;最后结合现行规范要求,根据板式试件车辙试验和圆柱形试件车辙试验的相关性,建立了基于现场钻芯取样的沥青路面抗车辙性能检测标准。研究结果表明:可采用70℃下路面圆柱形芯样的车辙试验评价沥青路面高温抗车辙能力,并要求高温性能质量标准下的车辙动稳定度大于2 450次.mm-1;该法可实现对现场沥青路面抗车辙性能的快速检测与评价,有利于提高混合料设计水平与路面施工质量。     

天津港岸坡变形观测标准

在天津港地区的码头和防波堤工程建设中,岸坡变形观测一直是一个重要的内容。而对于观测的标准,相应规范中又没有明确的条文规定。通过对天津地区码头岸坡、防波堤、围埝等的观测实践,提出一套观测标准,并结合实际工程进行验证。实践证明,这套标准是可行的。在今后的工作中,可以推广应用并进一步完善。