Fatigue life prediction of welded stiffened 350WT steel plates

The propagation of fatigue cracks under constant amplitude cyclic loading was studied in welded stiffened steel plates. The residual stresses in the stiffened plates were measured using the neutron diffraction strain-scanning technique. A finite element model of the stiffened plate was constructed to simulate the residual stresses by an uncoupled thermal and thermo-mechanical analysis. Both the finite element model and the neutron diffraction measurements indicated that in general the residual stresses were tensile near the welded stiffeners and compressive between the stiffeners and ahead of the starter notch tip. Fatigue testing indicated that the fatigue crack growth rates of the stiffened plates were in general lower than that of a corresponding unstiffened plate, especially near the notch tip where compressive residual stresses existed. Both the finite element method and Green's function predicted the fatigue crack growth rates with reasonable accuracy.     

带有消声瓦的潜艇耐压壳在流场中的阻尼振动和层间应力

在壳厚方向采用位移和应力插值函数,应用混合分层理论和壳体在流场中所受的流体动压力.推导带有消声瓦的潜艇耐压壳在流场中的动力学方程.采用迭代的方法求出潜艇耐压壳在流场中阻尼振动的解.在不同粘弹性材料弹性模量和厚度下.分别计算了潜艇耐压壳在流场中阻尼振动的一阶固有频率、结构损耗因子和层间横向应力的幅值.结果表明,随粘弹性材料弹性模量的增大,一阶固有频率和结构损耗因子增加,随粘弹性材料层厚度的增大,结构损耗因子增加.一阶固有频率减小.较高的层间法向正应力是造成潜艇消声瓦在流场中低频振动脱落的主要原因.采用较高模量和厚度的牯弹性阻尼材料将有效地降低潜艇耐压壳在流场中阻尼振动的层间应力的幅值.     

DQ45型钳夹车钳形梁试验耳孔应力分布不均的有限元研究

叙述了DQ45型钳夹车静强度试验时其钳形梁同一车耳孔处应力内外偏差较大、分布不均的现象。应用有限元分析技术,通过倾斜连接销的角度模拟试验承载装置上的车耳孔同轴度偏差,从理论上验证了试验承载装置上的车耳孔同轴度发生偏差是引起耳孔处应力内外偏差较大、分布不均的主要原因。     

Weld toe versus root fatigue failure mode and governing parameters: A study of aluminum alloy load-carrying fillet joints

In load-carrying fillet welded connections, two fatigue failure modes are possible i.e. weld toe cracking and weld root cracking. The fatigue life associated with weld root cracking is typically much lower than weld toe cracking, exhibiting a wider scatter band, especially for welded aluminum alloys. This paper examines fatigue failure mode transition behaviors in load-carrying fillet welds made of aluminum and their governing parameters, among plate thickness, weld penetration, joint misalignment, weld material, and ultrasound impact peening(UIP). Through both experimental and theoretical studies, a quantitative fillet weld sizing criterion was proposed for avoiding weld root cracking in fillet-welded aluminum connections.     

卡棱贝格道垫的合理取值长度研究

卡棱贝格道垫是一种新型的轨道交通减振降噪产品,它在新建地铁中逐步得到应用,其原理与浮置板式轨道结构相同,其板下橡胶道垫作为整体支承,实际上就是橡胶浮置板轨道结构的一种特殊形式。从卡棱贝格道垫的基本参数入手进行分析,对该种轨道结构形式进行模态分析、静力学分析和动力学分析,得到此种轨道结构形式的自振频率在20 Hz左右,推荐卡棱贝格道垫的合理取值长度为10 m,并对该产品进行合理的安全性能和环境效益评价。     

An approximate method to generate average stress–strain curve with the effect of residual stresses for rectangular plates under uniaxial compression in ship structures

The average stress–strain curve for rectangular plates under uniaxial compression in ship hull structures is generated on the basis of the existing design formulae. The dual-term equation for ultimate strength of uniaxially compressed plates is employed to generate the average stress–strain curve for long plates. Two alternatives proposed by Faulkner and Frankland, respectively, are considered. An approximate method to take into account the effect of residual stresses is proposed. By investigating the variation of the stress distribution at different stages of compression, the average stress–strain relationship of the rectangular long plates with the effect of residual stresses is derived from equilibrium. The behaviors of the wide plates are also discussed. The assumption proposed by Valsgard for the idealized stress distribution of wide plates under uniaxial compression is adopted. The average stress–strain relationship for wide plates is derived from the existing design formulae. Two equations proposed by Hughes and recommended by API for critical stress of the central portion of the wide plate are considered. The effect of residual stresses is also taken into account for wide plates.     

Vibrations of imperfect ship plating

This paper deals with vibration analysis of plates in marine structures. It is the main purpose of the paper to demonstrate that in order to obtain reliable frequency predictions it is necessary to include in the vibration analysis the effects of the unavoidable imperfections caused by welding or lateral fluid pressure. Furthermore, practical procedures for including these effects are presented. Simple algebraic expressions are derived for determination of small amplitude natural frequencies of vibration of initially imperfect rectangular plates subjected to uniaxial in-plane loads. The theoretical results show close agreement with experimental results available in the literature. For plating of marine structures with typical welding induced geometric imperfections and residual stresses it is shown that the lowest natural frequency of the unloaded imperfect plate can be twice as high as that of the perfect plate. For vibration analyses of plates submerged in a liquid the importance of taking into account deflections and membrane stresses caused by the hydrostatic pressure is demonstrated.     

压弯复杂应力下焊趾局部应力-应变研究

通过对模拟结合壳典型部位的焊接试件进行加载试验,分析了压应力对局部应力应变特征的影响,结果显示,焊趾处名义应力相同条件下,局部应力应变值与施加的载荷形式有关.同时,对此试件进行的弹塑性有限元分析,得到了与试验结果基本吻合的规律.由此得出,压应力与弯曲应力的比值较小时,对焊趾处局部应力应变产生的影响可忽略;比值较大时,产生的影响不可忽略.     

基于温度应力等效的基顶当量回弹模量换算方法

在水泥混凝土路面温度应力计算中采用的基顶当量回弹模量,是基于基顶弯沉等效为原则换算得到的,这种换算原则并不能真实反映基层对路面板温度应力的影响规律。利用有限元法对温度应力进行了大量计算,在此基础上建立了以温度应力等效为原则的基顶当量回弹模量换算方法。与有限元解比较,结果表明该换算方法的精度完全能满足工程计算的需要,其成果可供规范修订时参考。     

双壁钢围堰三维整体与平面模型仿真计算分析

双壁钢围堰是桥梁深水基础施工的重要设施,结合安徽太阳河大桥双壁钢围堰的结构特点,介绍了一种区别于传统的以单个构件为检算目标的大型双壁钢围堰的设计检算方法,即将结构三维整体仿真计算引入双壁钢围堰的设计过程,提出了以结构整体为研究对象的设计思路,并与钢围堰的平面简化模型计算结果进行了比较分析,说明这种计算方法能更好模拟围堰的受力情况,结果合理可靠。