对接焊残余应力的有限元分析

针对应用有限元方法进行焊接残余应力数值预报时模拟普遍存在的三维模拟过程复杂、计算时间冗长、计算费用较高的问题,通过引入焊接热循环过程的加热和冷却时间比,提出了以线热源代替点热源的简化数值预报方法,使三维问题简化为二维问题进行数值模拟,大大节省了计算时间.数值计算结果表明:文中提出的焊接残余应力的数值预报方法能满足焊接力学分析的精度要求,节省了大量的计算时间,可以应用于工程实际.     

高地应力软岩隧道施工动态控制与优化研究

根据兰渝铁路毛羽山隧道出口开挖过程中出现严重大变形的工程实例,利用FLAC3D建立三维数值模型,对不同台阶长度、仰拱闭合时机、锚杆长度以及二次衬砌浇筑时机的隧道施工进行了动态模拟。计算结果表明:台阶长度对大变形控制至关重要,应尽可能减小上台阶长度,采用超短台阶法施工;仰拱对于挤压性围岩隧道大变形控制具有显著的效果,应尽早封闭成环;随着锚杆长度的增加,隧道变形逐渐减小,但是当其长度大于8m时,再增加锚杆长度对控制大变形所起作用不明显;开挖后立即施作二次衬砌,可有效控制围岩蠕变变形。     

不同埋深铁路隧道仰拱受力特征研究

以董志塬区银西高铁黄土隧道为例,对不同埋深条件下隧道仰拱的基底接触压力和钢拱架应力随时间的变化规律、空间分布特征及其差异性进行了对比研究。研究结果表明,浅埋隧道基底接触压力变化时间较深埋隧道略长;不同埋深隧道仰拱处最小基底接触压力均出现在拱底中心处,最大基底接触压力均出现在拱脚处,且同一部位浅埋隧道基底接触压力明显大于深埋隧道基底接触压力;在仰拱的同一部位处,深埋隧道钢拱架应力明显大于浅埋隧道钢拱架应力;仰拱部位钢拱架承受压应力为主,浅埋黄土隧道仰拱部位的钢拱架最大压应力出现在拱底中心,可达约12MPa;而深埋隧道拱脚部位的钢拱架压应力最大,可达26～33MPa。研究结果可为黄土隧道仰拱设计优化与施工提供参考。     

Weld toe versus root fatigue failure mode and governing parameters: A study of aluminum alloy load-carrying fillet joints

In load-carrying fillet welded connections, two fatigue failure modes are possible i.e. weld toe cracking and weld root cracking. The fatigue life associated with weld root cracking is typically much lower than weld toe cracking, exhibiting a wider scatter band, especially for welded aluminum alloys. This paper examines fatigue failure mode transition behaviors in load-carrying fillet welds made of aluminum and their governing parameters, among plate thickness, weld penetration, joint misalignment, weld material, and ultrasound impact peening(UIP). Through both experimental and theoretical studies, a quantitative fillet weld sizing criterion was proposed for avoiding weld root cracking in fillet-welded aluminum connections.     

Modelling upheaval buckling in marine buried pipelines by coupling the shear stresses and soft soil stiffness

Buried marine pipelines employed in the Oil & Gas industry are subjected to pressure and temperature gradients, which cand produce local high compression loads leading to the onset of upheaval buckling failure. Upheaval buckling occurs when the localized stresses across the pipeline are high enough to induce constant deformation due to the low soil restriction in the upward direction. Therefore, models to predict upheaval buckling in buried marine pipes caused by high pressure and high temperature (HP/HT) and soil stiffness have been developed based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory (EBT). However, this theory does not consider stresses and strains due to shear stresses which can play an important role in upheaval buckling failure. Therefore, in this work an analytical model that takes into account Engesser-Timoshenko beam theory (TBT) and considers the shear effects on pipelines was developed to predict upheaval buckling in buried marine pipelines. Furthermore, equations that govern vertical buckling of buried pipelines considering a plastic soil with initial imperfection were considered. Analytical results were compared with finite element models of buried pipeline and other models reported in the literature, and it was observed that analytical results fall in the range of those reposted in the literature. It was also observed that the incorporation of shear stresses in buried marine pipelines has low effect on upheaval buckling onset and propagation, but the soil stiffness has a strong influence on upheaval failure in buried marine pipelines.