����˫��滮�Ĺ�·�շѾ�������ģ���о�

双层规划及其求解算法在路网预测、票价制定等方面的应用已经取得了显著的成果.本文探讨了固定需求下公路收费标准与路网交通量分配之间的关系，利用一个双层规划模型来描述收费标准的制定问题，在此基础上利用灵敏度分析方法重点分析收费标准对道路阻抗的影响关系，最后通过一个数值算例加以证明.     

Assessing additional fuel consumption from cabin thermal comfort and auxiliary needs on the worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycle

Standards for fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions are implemented worldwide in most light-duty vehicle markets. Regulatory drive cycles, defined as specific time-speed patterns, are used to measure levels of fuel consumption and emissions. These measurements should realistically reflect real world driving performance, however there is increasing concern about their adequacy due to the discrepancies observed between certified and real world consumption and emissions values. One of the main reasons for the discrepancy is that current testing protocols do not account for non-mechanical vehicle energy needs, such as passengers’ thermal comfort needs and the use of electric auxiliaries on-board. Cabin heating and cooling can especially lead to considerable increase in vehicle energy consumption. This paper presents a simulation-based assessment framework to account for the additional fuel consumption related to the cabin thermal energy and auxiliary needs under the worldwide-harmonized light vehicles test procedure (WLTP). A vehicle cabin model is developed and the thermal comfort energy needs are derived for cooling and heating, depending on ambient external temperature under cold, moderate and warm climates. A modification to the WLTP is proposed by including the generated power profiles for thermal comfort and auxiliary needs. Dynamic programming is used to compute the fuel consumption on the modified WLTP for a rechargeable series hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV) architecture. Results show consumption increases of 20% to 96% compared to the currently adopted WLTP, depending on the considered climate.     

Optimisation and heuristic approaches for assigning inbound containers to outbound carriers

Due to economical and/or geographical constraints, most of the time overseas containers cannot be directly shipped to their destinations. These containers visit transhipment ports where they are first unloaded and temporarily stored and then loaded onto smaller vessels (feeders) to be transported to their final destinations. The assignment of these containers to outbound vessels necessitates several factors to be taken into account simultaneously. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model to reflect multiple objectives with priorities and to assign these containers to different vessels at the transit container port terminal. Although we solve a single-objective (with the weighted sum of objectives) mathematical model to optimality, we also propose two heuristic approaches to solve this complex problem for a transit agency. The first heuristic is shipment based and has four variants differing in how the opportunity costs of the assignments are calculated. The second greedy heuristic is trip based, where the goal is to maximise the capacity utilisation of the vessels. The heuristics return very promising solutions in ignorable computational times. We also provide real-life cases and present our conclusions.     

基于KBE技术的复杂零件CAM系统研究

针对复杂零件数控编程工作目前存在的问题,将知识工程（Knowledge Based Engineering,KBE）技术引入复杂零件的数控编程中,系统地阐述了复杂零件广义知识库的内涵及构造原理,通过知识的获取、学习及推理,形成复杂零件的加工工艺决策,并在UG平台上运用二次开发技术,建立了复杂零件的智能数控编程导航模板,构造出基于广义知识库的复杂零件智能数控编程体系．开发的CAM系统经初步应用,证明可行,从而使复杂零件的数控编程过程简单化、高效化、智能化．     

整数规划PSO算法在备件优化配置中的应用研究

备件优化是提高装备可靠度的有效途径,以一般微粒群（PSO）算法为基础,根据备件优化的特点,提出求解整数规划问题的PSO算法。建立费用约束条件下的备件配置的优化模型,并给出了求解方法。结合算例,验证了方法的有效性及实用性。     

城市绿色交通规划:建设"和谐交通"社会的必由之路

城市绿色交通是实现健康的、可持续发展的城市交通系统的必由之路。传统的城市交通规划存在着许多弊端．应按绿色交通规划的新理念,创新城市交通规划的思维,规划建设以人为本的和谐交通社会。     

管道保温传热计算软件系统

开发了一种适用于流体储运保温、电力锅炉及工业炉窑排烟烟道保温、矩形工业炉窑保温使用的方管保温优化设计软件。该软件将Matlab 7.0数学运算和图形绘制功能与VB 6.0界面开发功能结合,进行VB、Matlab和Excel混合编程。该软件结合有限差分法和焓降法,考虑保温材料热导率随温度变化及管内壁综合表面传热热阻,软件计算与实际测量管内介质出口温度误差小于2.1%。该软件能完成三维温度场分布计算并进行管内介质出口温度和散热损失优化计算,操作简便、适应性广、界面友好。     

基于影响矩阵法及序列二次规划法的 斜拉桥自动调索

为了研究结构单元和设计变量较多、设计工况复杂的斜拉桥索力优化问题,以某双塔三跨斜拉桥为例,基于既有的影响矩阵理论,以主梁和桥塔的弯曲应变能来建立目标函数,通过序列二次规划法实现索力的自动搜索优化计算,并同常规算法进行比较分析。计算结果表明:该方法应用于复杂斜拉桥索力优化,优化后的索力与设计索力能良好的吻合,成桥状态主梁弯矩分布更加均匀,主塔可以充分发挥其轴向承压能力,结构变形远小于规范限制,为斜拉桥的索力优化提供了一种新的高效解决思路。     

一种改进的移位左转车道信号控制方法及其效用分析

针对交叉口传统移位左转交通组织存在的交通冲突与通行效率问题，提出了一种改进的移位左转车道设置方法，并分析改进前、后的交通冲突状况。综合考虑行人与非机动车的过街需求，分析路段左转信号与交叉口主信号之间的协调控制关系，设计改进的移位左转交叉口相位方案，建立移位左转交叉口设计要点计算模型，包括移位左转车道长度、路段左转变道段长度、路段左转车储存段长度。假设车辆到达服从泊松分布，推导并建立改进的移位左转交叉口各相位的延误计算模型。以车均延误最小为目标，构建改进的移位左转交叉口信号控制参数优化模型，采用穷举法给出其求解算法。从左转交通量、移位左转车道长度、交叉方向右转车辆比重3个方面分析改进方法的适用条件，并借助VISSIM仿真，使用在哈尔滨市交叉口收集的数据验证改进方法的效用。研究结果表明：当移位左转车道长度为100 m左右时，该交通组织方式可以发挥最大效益；改进的移位左转交通组织较改进前交叉口车均延误下降了16.1%，验证了所提改进方法的有效性；当左转交通量小于400 pcu·h^-1，交叉方向右转交通量比重大于25%时，采用改进的移位左转方法，交叉口的通行效率改善更加显著。研究成果可为移位左转车道的设置及信号配时提供依据。     

多目标优化问题中目标间矛盾性关系的研究

在定义一个具有通用意义的满意解之后,分析了满意解质量标准之间的矛盾性,确定了描述质量标准矛盾关系的数量指标－矛盾度及归一化矛盾度,为多目标优化问题中目标间的折 选取提供了参考依据。