锚喷混凝土加固双曲拱桥植筋工艺参数研究

分析了锚喷混凝土加固双曲拱桥中,植筋的钢筋种类、锚固长度及粘结形式对植筋锚固强度的影响,得出合理优化的植筋参数,为加固设计提供参考。通过对试验后的锚杆破坏特征分析,总结植筋工艺各环节对锚杆锚固强度的影响。得出结论：在合理的锚固长度下,锚杆破坏在钢筋和结构胶粘结处发生时,锚固力越大,植筋粘结强度越安全可靠。     

Vehicle dynamics control of an electric-all-wheel-drive hybrid electric vehicle using tyre force optimisation and allocation

ABSTRACT

Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) offer improved fuel efficiency compared to conventional vehicles at the expense of adding complexity and at times, reduced total power. As a result, HEV generally lack the dynamic performance that customers enjoy. To address this issue, the paper presents a HEV with electric All-Wheel-Drive capabilities via the use of torque vectoring electric rear axle drive (TVeRAD) to power the rear axle. The addition of TVeRAD to a front wheel drive HEV improves the total power output. To improve the handling characteristics of the vehicle, the TVeRAD provides torque vectoring at the rear axle. A bond graph model of the drivetrain is developed and used in co-simulation with CarSim. The paper proposes a control system which utilises control allocation to optimise tyre forces. The proposed control system is tested in the simulation environment with a high fidelity CarSim vehicle model. Simulation results show the control system is able to maximise vehicle longitudinal performance while avoiding tyre saturation on low mu surfaces. More importantly, the control system is able to track the desired yaw moment request on a high speed double lane change manoeuvre through the use of the TVeRAD to improve the handling characteristic of the vehicle.     

Lagrangian modelling of plankton motion: From deceptively simple random walks to Fokker–Planck and back again

The movement of plankton, either by turbulent mixing or their own inherent motility, can be simulated in a Lagrangian framework as a random walk. Validation of random walk simulations is essential. There is a continuum of mathematically valid stochastic integration schemes upon which random walk simulations depend, each of which lead to radically different macro-scale dynamics as expressed in their corresponding Fokker–Planck equations. In addition, diffusivity is not a unique parameter describing a random walk and its corresponding Fokker–Planck equation. Spatially varying translation speed and turn frequency have different effects on population distributions. Validation requires extra information either in the form of the well-mixed condition for physical diffusion, or in detailed information on the sensing ability, internal state modulation and swimming response for plankton motility.     

基于黏弹-塑性圆孔扩张理论压力注浆锚杆锚-土界面黏结强度计算方法

压力注浆锚杆在隧道、边坡、基坑等支护工程中应用广泛。为了预测锚杆在不同注浆压力下的锚-土界面黏结强度,将锚-土界面法向应力的发展过程分为2个计算阶段：压力注浆时锚孔扩张半径的计算和浆液硬化后界面法向应力的计算。在计算时,将锚孔扩张过程视为无限土体中的瞬时圆孔扩张问题,考虑塑性区土体服从统一强度准则,推导出压力注浆时锚孔扩张半径解答;然后,考虑土体的时变特性,引入黏弹-塑性圆孔扩张理论,采用Merchant模型推导出浆液硬化后界面法向应力随时间衰减的解答;最后,基于库仑抗剪强度公式,建立了压力注浆锚杆锚-土界面黏结强度的理论计算方法。为了验证所提计算方法的可靠性,采用自制的锚杆微元体压力注浆装置,制作了3种不同注浆压力下的锚杆试样并开展了拉拔试验。将获得的试验结果与所提理论计算结果进行对比,并结合已有的压力注浆土钉拉拔试验结果进一步验证。结果表明：提出的压力注浆锚杆锚-土界面黏结强度的理论计算方法能够准确的预测试验数据,可为工程设计提供参考。最后进行了参数分析,结果表明：锚-土界面黏结强度与注浆压力呈线性关系,注浆压力增大能有效提高锚杆的承载性能;锚-土界面黏结强度随着复合模量的增大呈现...     

基于海洋暴露试验的氯离子扩散系数时空模型研究

在我国腐蚀条件最为恶劣的海南八所港,对3种配合比的混凝土试件进行实海暴露试验,通过测定浪溅区条件下氯离子在混凝土中侵入量,研究氯离子有效扩散系数随时间和深度的演变,为准确预测混凝土结构的使用寿命提供参考。     

不同环境条件下考虑荷载影响的氯离子扩散模型

钢筋锈蚀是造成钢筋混凝土构件耐久性破坏的重要因素之一,氯离子侵蚀是海洋环境下钢筋锈蚀的首要因素。根据相关文献给出的不同海洋环境、不同荷载水平作用下混凝土中氯离子扩散的实验数据,通过拟合给出氯离子扩散荷载影响系数与构件应力状态之间的关系式及混凝土表面氯离子浓度随时间变化的统计公式,建立了考虑荷载影响的氯离子扩散模型。多组现场实测数据检验表明,建立的考虑荷载影响的氯离子扩散模型是合理的,具有较好的适用性与实用性。     

顺序输送终点混油量近似计算

顺序输送成品油管道在不同油品接触区会产生一段混油,混油量的计算是成品油管输的重要环节。通过对混油浓度的变化规律进行分析,得到浓度变化函数。文中应用雅勃隆斯基-希兹基洛夫湍流扩散系数公式得到终点混油量近似计算公式,并给出相应计算实例。     

Real-time assessment and prediction on maritime risk state on the Arctic Route

ABSTRACT

Recently, the Arctic Route has become busier with the continuous melting of Arctic ice. However, navigation on the Arctic Route would be much more complex than in normal water as harsh environmental conditions, such as ice-covered water and scarce costal ports that may cause more uncertainty. Nowadays, with the rapid development of sensors on board, more related data has become available. Thus, implementing comprehensive Arctic maritime risk assessment is urgent and necessary in practice. This study proposes an Arctic maritime risk state assessment method including real-time risk state assessment and risk prediction. Specifically, real-time observation samples’ numerical risk state would be firstly obtained with projection pursuit method from 10 risk indicators. Due to the fuzzy uncertainty of single observation set, information diffusion would be applied to provide diffusion estimation on risk probability distribution in order to depict risk state precisely. Also, the accumulated distribution can be regarded as the risk prediction for next time slot and risk entropy is introduced to depict risk tendency directly. Case study based on ‘Yongsheng’ is conducted to demonstrate and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The findings can be useful for the operators and management on board during the Arctic voyage.     

聚合物和硅粉复合修复砂浆的性能试验

针对老旧码头混凝土修复需求较大,普通砂浆的修补效果有待提高等问题,采用丙烯酸乳液(PAE)和硅粉复合配制港工修复砂浆,进行试验研究,对试验数据分析得出:聚丙烯酸乳液的黏结作用以及硅粉的火山灰效应和填充作用可以有效改善修复砂浆力学性能,显著提高黏结强度,降低干缩,提高砂浆的抗冲磨、抗渗等耐久性能,相比于其他不掺丙烯酸乳液(PAE)和硅粉的砂浆综合性能更好,可替代普通砂浆作为良好的混凝土修补材料。     

隧道洞口雪崩防治方案探讨

雪崩是高原高寒地区工程建设的主要自然地质灾害之一,也是影响铁路隧道工程建设和运营的重要因素之一。为了制定合理的雪崩防治方案,通过对隧址区域自然地理条件现场进行调查分析,确定隧道两端洞门上方潜在的雪崩发生区域。采用tan α参数作图法对雪崩扩散距离及雪崩对洞门的冲击力进计算分析,提出在主隧道进口设置25 m明洞、洞门顶部设置导雪墙、出口设置5 m明洞、安全隧道进口设置15 m明洞的雪崩防治方案。方案能有效防止雪崩灾害对铁路隧道的威胁,保证铁路隧道冬季运营安全。