Economic Valuation of Coastal and Marine Resources: Bohol Marine Triangle,Philippines

This article provides results on the net benefits generated from the natural resources in the Bohol Marine Triangle (BMT) in the Philippines. The BMT spans over 112,000 ha and its coastal ecosystems are rich in biodiversity and provide economic opportunities to the coastal communities. With a 10% discount rate, the accumulated total net benefits for the BMT resources over a 10-year period is US$11.54 million. Tourism and the municipal fisheries are the most important direct use values of the coastal and marine resources of the BMT accounting for 44% and 39% of the total net benefits. Annual revenues attributed to ecosystems were as follows: coral reefs, US$1.26 million; beach/intertidal area, US$1.12 million; marine waters, US$646,501; mangrove, US$239,561; and seagrass, US$105,990. The large market values indicate the dependence of the local community on the BMT coastal and marine resources. In the same way, non-market values show the important life-support functions of coastal and marine ecosystems. The net benefits reflect the magnitude of potential losses due to improper management of coastal and marine resources in the BMT. This valuation highlights the importance of the coastal services to the BMT economy and draws attention to the benefits the local stakeholders derive from BMT coastal resources. Policy measures can now take into account these values to justify a sufficient investment in coastal management efforts to sustain the flow of coastal services in the interest of current and future generations.     

带回流线的全并联直供系统研究

根据带回流线的全并联直接供电系统的原理,推导出其电流分布及牵引网电压损失,并通过仿真验证了全并联对降低牵引网压损的有效性,同时从仿真结果定性地分析了全并联次数和全并联位置与牵引网电压损失的关系。     

温度对盐渍土抗剪强度和变形特性的影响

为了明确因冻结温度和结晶差异造成的温度对盐渍土抗剪强度和变形特性的影响，以高含盐量和不同盐分类型的盐渍土为研究对象开展试验研究。首先，选用青藏高原察尔汗-格尔木高速公路沿线采集的含盐量为10%~36%的氯盐含量高、硫酸盐含量低的盐渍土土样（HC-1，HC-2）和硫酸盐含量较高而氯盐含量较低的盐渍土土样（CS）3种高含盐量盐渍土作为试验土样，对3种土样进行冻结温度试验，验证其降温至-20℃时，土体不会发生冻结。其次，在5个不同控制温度（-20℃、-10℃、0℃、10℃和20℃）下，分别进行盐渍土直剪试验以得出温度与抗剪强度参数关系函数。最后，分析温度对抗剪强度和弹性模量的影响，同时，利用数值拟合建立考虑温度影响下的盐渍土抗剪强度和切线弹性模量公式。研究结果表明：当温度由20℃降低至-10℃，3种盐渍土的抗剪强度和初始切线弹性模量均增大后趋于峰值，而随温度继续降低至-20℃后，HC-1和HC-2土样指标呈下降趋势，CS土样各参数结果却趋于稳定；不同含盐类型的盐渍土，温度对其破坏比R_f的影响也不同；在温度由20℃降至-20℃的过程中，HC土样的R_f在-10℃出现峰值，且在较低荷载（100 kPa）下，呈现出先增大后减小的特点，在较高荷载（200，300，400 kPa）下呈现出先增大后趋缓的特点；CS土样的R_f在20℃~10℃、10℃~-10℃和-10℃~-20℃降温段呈现出先增大中趋缓后减小的分段式变化特点。     

基于数字信号处理的直接转矩控制研究

直接转矩控制因控制简单、具有优良的动静态特性，在电机控制中应用越来越广泛。但它在低速区的局限也较多。随着数字信号处（Digital Signal Processing，缩写DSP）技术的发展，使得改善其低速控制特性成为可能。文中简介了直棼转矩控制技术的特点、控制原理及难点，探讨了一种应用DSP技术的直接转矩控制方法。     

基于PWM整流器的交流调速系统的仿真

将PWM整流技术引入交流调速系统。在PWM整流侧采用直接功率控制技术，实现交流侧的高功率因数；电机控制采用矢量控制技术，实现电机调速的高性能。通过Matlab／Simulink仿真，可以验证这种调速策略可以实现整个系统的功率因数接近于1，减少对电网的污染，并且可以保证电机有着优良的调速性能。     

The dynamic response of rail support

This research reviews principles behind the dynamic response of rail supports, and introduces a method of analysis to find the maximum response in a realistic setting. Assuming a time-dependent, moving mass with massive wheels is essential, because the ratio of the moving mass to the rail mass is significant. However, the dynamic response of the track is not affected by dynamic properties of the train other than its unsprung mass, because the natural frequencies of the train suspension and track are significantly different. A numerical method is developed to model the dynamic response based on these principles, and applied to the Korean urban transit. The dynamic response includes multiple peaks with a large amplitude range, creating noise while the wheel passes the support. The dynamic impact factor (DIF) for the rail support depends mainly on the stiffness and damping of the rail support. The DIF for the rail moment is below the code value, whether this value is based on numerical analysis or on-site measurements. However, our numerical analysis results in a DIF for support settlement that is greater than the code value, if the damping is less than 3%.     

汽车概念营销策略分析

随着汽车市场竞争的加剧，概念营销开始受到汔车厂商的重视，并得到了广泛的应用。本文对汽车厂商在概念营销过程中所遇到的问题进行了初步的探讨。     

树立市场营销理念 促进职业教育发展

职业教育在我国是一个正在蓬勃发展的事业，如何才能更好地促进职业教育的发展呢？针对当前职业教育发展中存在的一些问题，文章引入市场营销的理念，要求职业教育必须以市场需求为中心，充分运用市场机制，提高自身的竞争意识、质量意识和就业服务意识，力求办出特色，创出品牌，从而促进职业教育可持续发展，服务于我国产业结构调整和社会发展。     

银行服务有形展示策略的研究

入世后严峻的竞争局面和市场需求的变化迫使我国商业银行在营销理念方面要及时创新。银行营销属于服务营销的范畴,将银行营销置于服务营销的框架下进行探讨,针对银行服务的特点实施人员策略、有形展示策略、服务过程策略,可以帮助我国银行业树立起顾客导向的营销理念,为我国银行业竞争力的提升提供一种思路,有助于缩短中外银行间的差距。其中有形展示策略就突出地表现了这样一种观点——银行服务犹如在舞台上演戏,演员演技的好坏直接关系着表演的成功与失败,银行服务展示的优劣也同样维系着银行经营的成败。     

烟台港客货滚装运输市场营销方略

介绍了烟台港客货滚装运输市场态势及其成因,并评述了如何对其目标市场进行细分,如何进行精准的市场定位。最后,提出了烟台港客货滚装运输的创新型营销战略,提出了针对市场存在问题的解决措施。