考虑时间因素的运输方式选择问题

本文先对各类运输方式做了概括论述,在着重考虑时间因索的前提下对运输方式的选 择进行了定量分析,提出了利用最小花费来完成运输任务的运输方式选择模型,并分析了该摸 型的求解过程,有助干运输消费者选择经济、合理的运输方式。     

物流发展与评价

作为当代市场经济发展中,工业、商业和运输业触合的一种新兴产业组织模式— 现代 物流,正受到广泛关注,如何通过分析其不断演化和拓展过程中的基本规律,寻求其内在联系. 本文对迄今为止的物流概念与物流实践的发展进行了基本考察.对物流的基本涵义,早期提出的物流概念如何不断演化与拓展,以及什么是现代物流,物流现代化的必要因素,从传统物流到现代物流的进程可以划分为几个典型阶段,呈现怎样的路径依赖等给出了基本答案。     

共同配送对城市货运交通系统的效益研究

从城市GDP、交通基础设施、货运量、货运车辆调度、能源和环境6 个要素出发,构建城市货运交通系统动力学模型,对比实施共同配送前后对城市货运交通拥堵、运输费用及货运系统节能减排的效益变化,寻求解决路径. 以济南市为例,确定模型参数及方程,动态仿真实施共同配送的效益. 结果表明：随着载货率提高、平均运距的增长,实施共同配送的边际收益呈递减趋势,配送时间的昼夜错峰调整也有显著影响;在决策区间载货率[70%, 80%]、平均运距[70, 80] km、配送时间昼夜比例[6∶4,7∶3]下,共同配送总体效益最优;节能减排效益仍存在挖掘的潜力,通过提高新能源货运车承担的货运比重,每20%的增加将带来货运系统节能减排平均30%的降低.     

列车控制仿真系统中速度控制曲线的计算

在介绍列车控制系统结构和列车速度控制模式的基础上,重点阐述列车控制仿真中列车速度控制模式的曲线的计算方法.目次,整个列车控制仿真系统已经投入运行,并取得了预期的效果.     

变频器的合理选用

结合理论与实践,全面论述了变频器的合理选择与使用方面的有关问题,包括变频器容量与型式的选择,使用频率与起停时间的设置,以及和其它调速方法的结合.     

技术计划空车调整的数学模型

将经济数学和运筹学中的数学方法应用于铁路运输生产技术计划的编制当中,抽象出空车调整的数学模型,并对该模型的理论和实现作了详细的介绍.目前,该方法已经全面应用于铁道部和原14个铁路局的技术计划编制工作当中并收到良好的效果.     

一种低压船用固态直流断路器研究

本文介绍了一种基于宽禁带器件SiC JFET的船用固态直流断路器的拓扑和工作原理.结合建模仿真与实际工况,研究了主开关器件、缓冲电路、限压耗能电路等主要元件的参数设计方法.研制了一种375 V固态直流断路器原理样机,针对短路故障进行了开断试验,并给出了试验波形.结果表明该固态直流断路器具有快速关断短路电流的能力.     

Mining and correlating traffic events from human sensor observations with official transport data using self-organizing-maps

Cities are complex systems, where related Human activities are increasingly difficult to explore within. In order to understand urban processes and to gain deeper knowledge about cities, the potential of location-based social networks like Twitter could be used a promising example to explore latent relationships of underlying mobility patterns. In this paper, we therefore present an approach using a geographic self-organizing map (Geo-SOM) to uncover and compare previously unseen patterns from social media and authoritative data. The results, which we validated with Live Traffic Disruption (TIMS) feeds from Transport for London, show that the observed geospatial and temporal patterns between special events (r = 0.73), traffic incidents (r = 0.59) and hazard disruptions (r = 0.41) from TIMS, are strongly correlated with traffic-related, georeferenced tweets. Hence, we conclude that tweets can be used as a proxy indicator to detect collective mobility events and may help to provide stakeholders and decision makers with complementary information on complex mobility processes.     

Gender differentials in travel pattern – The case of a mid-sized city,Rajkot, India

This paper is at the conjunction of arguments for gender equity in transport services on one hand and need to move towards low carbon transport on the other in a developing country city. The case study city, Rajkot, a mid-sized Indian city with mixed land use and limited public transport at the time of this study, has short trip lengths and low trip rates. But, even in this city there is gender disparity in travel pattern. Thus, trip rates and trip lengths of women in the city in each of the income group are lower than that of their male counter parts. With the increase in income, both, the trip rates and lengths increase, but, the increase is higher for men than for women. While the large proportions of women in each income group walk, that among the lowest income group walking is the predominant mode, as they are ‘no-choice’ or ‘forced’ walkers. With the increase in household income, women tend to shift to para-transit and men to personal motorized transport. If sustainability arguments or climate policies are to target retaining the current low ecological footprint of the women as one of the strategies, it needs to cater to expansion of their mobility while improving infrastructure to support the same.     

On particulate emissions from moving trains in a tunnel environment

Increasing attention is being paid to airborne particles in railway environments because of their potential to adversely affect health. In this study, we investigate the contribution of moving trains to both the concentration and size distribution of particles in tunnel environments. Real-time measurements were taken with high time-resolution instruments at a railway station platform in a tunnel in Stockholm in January 2013. The results show that individual trains stopping and starting at the platform substantially elevate the particulate concentrations with a mobility diameter greater than 100 nm. Two size modes of the particulate number concentrations were obtained. A mode of around 170 nm occurs when a train moves, while the other mode peaks at about 30 nm when there is no train in the station. By using principal component analysis (PCA), three contributing sources were identified on the basis of the classification of the sizes of the particles, namely railway-related mechanical wear, suspension due to the movement of trains and sparking of electric-powered components. It is concluded that the particulate matter released by individual moving trains is a key contributor to fine particles (100–500 nm) on the railway platform in a tunnel.