海外工程项目风险管理阶段分解

海外工程项目由于受地域、文化、经济等因素影响,相对于国内项目具有更多的不确定性,管理的层次与复杂程度也相应增加.风险管理贯穿项目实施的始终,同一风险源在项目实施的不同阶段可能导致不同的风险,并产生不同的后果.按照项目实施的不同阶段对风险进行分阶段管理,有利于突出不同阶段风险的生发形式,以便采取针时性措施进行更有效的风险管理.     

快速搭载分析

考虑到缩短船舶总段的搭载时间是实现快速搭载的关键,利用动作分解的方法,分别从定置管理、分段划分、精度管理、工装开发和约束设计等5方面展开对快速搭载的研究分析,并针对相关问题提出解决方法和措施。     

城市雨水规划探讨

雨水规划对城市管网建设、河涌整治等相关工作有指导作用,文章从排水体制、排涝模数、雨水分区等三方面作了一些探讨,可供规划建设参考。     

面向定时节能运行的列车牵引计算算法

列车牵引定时计算是轨道交通列车牵引仿真系统的重要功能模块,对于实现列车按运行图模拟仿真运行具有重要意义。在考虑定时运行的基础上,实现列车运行全过程能耗最小化,则使该研究更具实际价值。在分析列车牵引计算运动学理论基础上,构建基于巡航惰行组合中间过程的列车运行定时节能仿真双层规划模型,分析以巡航速度为能耗控制变量、以惰行点位置为运行时间控制变量的二分法求解模型的可行性及解的存在性,设计基于二分法的列车运行定时节能优化算法。完成定时节能仿真模块的计算机程序编写,并以广州市域快线18号线(规划方案)万顷沙—横沥区段做案例分析。仿真计算列车运行时间与时刻表时间误差满足精度要求,且在能耗上求得最优解,表明模型构建和算法设计有效,且具有计算量少的优点。     

陕西省路面设计参数研究

本研究根据陕西省地形特征，通过大量的室内试验及现场测试，按照陕西省二级公路自然区划，提出了路基土回弹模量建议值。并对陕西省常用的半刚性材料力学性能进行了分析研究，给出了半刚性材料及沥青混合料的设计参数推荐值。     

定时误差对部分并行干扰消除检测器的影响

重点分析了基于硬判决的部分并行干扰消除(PPIC)检测器的残余多址干扰的结构及统计特性,研究了PPIC在定时跟踪误差情况下的性能,并给出了其在定时误差跟踪下的封闭形式的误码表达式。实验表明:采用部分干扰因子可以抑制PIC系统性能恶化,而基于文献[4]给出的部分干扰因子可进一步改善系统性能。     

Methods to reduce dimensionality and identify candidate solutions in multi-objective signal timing problems

Adjusting traffic signal timings is a practical way for agencies to manage urban traffic without the need for significant infrastructure investments. Signal timings are generally selected to minimize the total control delay vehicles experience at an intersection, particularly when the intersection is isolated or undersaturated. However, in practice, there are many other potential objectives that might be considered in signal timing design, including: total passenger delay, pedestrian delays, delay inequity among competing movements, total number of stopping maneuvers, among others. These objectives do not tend to share the same relationships with signal timing plans and some of these objectives may be in direct conflict. The research proposes the use of a new multi-objective optimization (MOO) visualization technique—the mosaic plot—to easily quantify and identify significant tradeoffs between competing objectives using the set of Pareto optimal solutions that are normally provided by MOO algorithms. Using this tool, methods are also proposed to identify and remove potentially redundant or unnecessary objectives that do not have any significant tradeoffs with others in an effort to reduce problem dimensionality. Since MOO procedures will still be needed if more than one objective remains and MOO algorithms generally provide a set of candidate solutions instead of a single final solution, two methods are proposed to rank the set of Pareto optimal solutions based on how well they balance between the competing objectives to provide a final recommendation. These methods rely on converting the objectives to dimensionless values based on the optimal value for each specific objectives, which allows for direct comparison between and weighting of each. The proposed methods are demonstrated using a simple numerical example of an undersaturated intersection where all objectives can be analytically obtained. However, they can be readily applied to other signal timing problems where objectives can be obtained using simulation outputs to help identify the signal timing plan that provides the most reasonable tradeoff between competing objectives.     

平面交叉口信号控制多目标优化研究

从道路使用率、出行时间成本、环境保护三方面平衡交通效益出发,建立在饱和度约束下以通行能力、出行者平均延误、尾气排放量作为性能指标的平面交叉口信号控制多目标优化模型;模型可根据交通流状态的不同对控制目标有所侧重;最后运用遗传算法对模型进行优化。算例分析表明,该模型能较好的适应交通流状态的变化,可获得更好的交通控制效果。     

多次喷射对柴油机燃烧与排放影响的试验研究

基于1台高压共轨涡轮增压柴油机,采用不同的预喷正时、预喷油量与后喷正时等,研究了多次喷射对燃烧放热、排放生成与燃油经济性的影响,以实现均质压燃和低温燃烧过程。研究结果表明:随预喷正时提前,缸内峰值压力降低,主燃阶段的滞燃期缩短,NOx和炭烟排放均降低;随预喷油量增加,预喷阶段燃烧的放热率和最大压力升高率增大,NOx和HC排放增大,而PM和CO排放降低;随后喷始点推迟,缸内压力与主放热率峰值差异变小,NOx排放降低,但炭烟排放先增大后逐渐降低。     

掏挖法地下连续墙施工工艺的研究

在扩建和改建的地下工程中,经常遇见施工区域内存在大量纵横交错的地下管线,对这些管线的拆除,不仅严重影响工程进度和公用设施的正常运行,而且严重影响了施工工期,更带来巨大的经济浪费。该文阐述一种在不进行管线切改的前提下进行地下连续墙施工的特殊方法,旨在促进地下连续墙的施工工艺得到进一步完善和提高。