虚阴极振荡器的研究进展

虚阴极振荡器是强流相对论电子束源中比较重要的一种微波源，能够产生很高的功率，近年来得到了广泛的重视。简要介绍了虚阴极振荡器的工作原理，综述了虚阴极振荡器的最新发展状况和发展趋势，以及用于虚阴极模拟的PIC方法和未来技术发展，分析了其性能和军事应用，最后评述了他们的发展前景。     

瘫船启动在COSCOQMC-Ⅰ型轮机模拟器中的实现

本文探讨了SOLAS公约关于船舶瘫船状态的定义、瘫船启动的概念以及船舶原始动力源的型式,阐述了瘫船启动在COSCOQMC-Ⅰ型轮机模拟器中是如何实现的,强调轮机管理人员应加强对船舶原始动力源的维护和管理,确保船舶的适航性和营运安全。     

客车主要噪声源识别的试验研究

基于偏奇异值分析法识别噪声源的基本原理，采用了近场声压测量法，同步采集15个传感器的振动与声压信号，识别出客车车外噪声的主要噪声源，分析出各噪声源对车外噪声的贡献并做出降低车外噪声的预测分析。所采用的试验与分析方法具有计算量小、声源定位准确的特点，并且可以准确预测零部件的改进对车外噪声的影响。试验研究和实车应用表明，这种方法可以适用于复杂的工程实际。     

The impact of the Polar Code on risk mitigation in Arctic waters: a “toolbox” for underwriters?

The existing risk weighing on vessel, crew and ecosystem in the Arctic and more globally in Polar waters promoted the adoption of the Polar Code (PC) early 2017, a mandatory international legal framework intended for enhanced safety and environmental protection. While the substance of the PC has been extensively analyzed, few studies have focused on the underlying relationships between the PC and underwriters. Based on an extensive literature review, documentary materials and interviews with insurance companies, this article conceptualizes the PC as a “toolbox” and analyzes how underwriters can exploit it in their work within the emerging Arctic market. The PC does not only regulate the navigation in Arctic waters in legal terms, but is also aimed at mitigating risks in the Polar areas through the identification of hazard sources and proceduralization of risk assessment. As a result we observe a certain “Polar Code paradox”. Even though the PC is a risk-based instrument and constitutes a key step for improving ship insurability, it has only limited capacity to assist underwriters in assessing risks and insuring vessels. Marine insurers still face a lack of data and high pending uncertainties leading them to exercise extreme caution with Arctic risks appraisal.     

广西普通高等教育经费来源结构的变化与分析——以2001-2011年教育经费统计数据为例

近十年来，广西普通高等教育经费来源结构已呈现出多元化趋势。但是普通高等教育经费总量仍显不足；经费来源结构不尽合理，二元格局明显；科研经费拨款所占比例过小；过于依赖学杂费的增加。广西高等教育未来发展所需的经费保障，要求必须真正实现经费来源的多元化。     

广东省天然气水运调入需求与码头接卸能力适应性分析

以广东省经济社会发展和全省的能源消耗情况为基础,运用国内生产总值能耗法分析预测广东省未来一段时期的天然气消耗量以及水运调入量,对比广东省沿海现有、拟建的LNG接卸码头通过能力,进行广东省天然气水运调入需求与码头接卸能力适应性分析。     

基于粒子群算法的水下多元线阵阵形有源校正方法

针对存在阵元位置误差的水下多元线阵,提出一种基于粒子群优化算法的远场有源阵形校正方法.该方法选用2个辅助源分时工作方式,利用无条件最大似然方位估计算法构建目标函数,并通过粒子群算法对阵元位置进行寻优.利用该方法对均匀线阵进行性能仿真实验.结果表明:该方法稳健性好、校正精度高,具有一定的应用前景.     

水下目标深度测量误差源分析

首先研究了在深海环境下,采用基于三阵元垂直线列阵的水声探测系统进行水下目标深度测量的基本原理.然后从随机误差和阵元配置偏差的角度,对水下目标深度测量的误差源进行了理论分析,并推导了相关公式.此外,对于相干多途水声信道干扰给水下目标深度测量精度的影响,也作了初步的理论分析.通过仿真实验,总结出各误差源对水下目标深度测量精度影响的规律,研究结果为进一步开展水下目标深度测量研究、提高测量精度奠定了基础.     

有移动热源的海上大空间通风技术研究

由于有某种热源在海上大空间内移动,使得大空间通风系统也与其他一般大舱空间的通风系统不同.目前国内外对海上大空间通风系统尚无明确的规范及要求.在对大空间通风进行模型试验研究和相应的计算机模拟计算基础上,确定大空间通风系统初步方案,为大空间通风系统设计提供科学合理的试验和理论依据.     

Benthic community and food web structure on the continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay (North Eastern Atlantic) revealed by stable isotopes analysis

The North Bay of Biscay continental shelf is a major French demersal fishery, but little was known on the trophic food web of its benthic communities. In order to determine the benthic trophic web, the objectives of this study are to describe the macro- and megafaunal benthic community structure (species richness, abundance and biomass) and to establish the trophic pathways (food sources and trophic levels) by applying carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic analysis to the main benthic and demersal species (invertebrates and fish). Two distinct benthic communities have been identified: a muddy sand community within the central part of the bay, and an outer Bay of Biscay Ditrupa sand community of higher species richness, abundance and biomass than the muddy sand community. Deposit-feeders, suspension feeders and predators, distributed in three main trophic levels, dominate both communities. Large differences in stable carbon ratio values within the primary consumers provide evidence of two different food sources: i) a pelagic food source made up of recent sedimenting particulate organic matter on which zooplankton and suprabenthos feed and ii) a benthic detrital food source supplying deposit feeders and partly benthic suspension feeders. Differences in isotopic signatures were also observed within the upper trophic levels that allowed estimation of the contribution of each food source component to the diet of the upper consumers. Finally, the use of stable isotopic composition together with the species' feeding strategy allow identification of the main differences between the trophic functioning of the two benthic communities and highlight the importance of the role of detrital pathways in the carbon cycling within the continental shelf benthic trophic web.