采用全程动稳定度评价沥青混合料高温稳定性

在现有车辙试验的基础上研究新的方法对沥青混合料的高温稳定性进行准确评价,对现行高温稳定性评价方法的缺陷进行分析,确定采用动稳定度DS进行判定的误差来源.提出采用全程动稳定度DSWP进行沥青混合料高温稳定性的判定,对AC-13、AC-20、SMA-13、SMA-20、ATB-25等5种级配在不同成型荷载(500,700,...     

微利房开发资金筹集的优化分析

针对微利房开发的特点,研究其可能的筹资渠道。在分析了影响微利房筹资结构的各种因素后,提出了筹资结构优化模型,利用利率－筹资额与筹资额－筹资可靠度的转化关系及软约束限额条件的离散化等手段进一步给出了筹资结构优化的简化模型,并提出了相应的求解方法。     

地铁供电估算

提出评价地铁供电系统除了从安全性、可靠性、经济性评价之外,还应当有具体的量化指标:主变电所单位安装容量、牵引变电所平均间距、牵引变电所单位安装容量、降压变电所单位安装容量,并提出一些具体的量化数值.阐述国家标准对地铁供电一级负荷电源要求的确切含义、主变电所故障后供电分区的重新调度划分,提出地铁供电系统应急电源应包括的负荷种类及对供电系统容量估算的方法.     

上海港船舶污染风险分析及防范应对措施

文中对最近13年间在上海港发生的船舶污染事故进行归类分析,指出上海港可能发生船舶污染事故的主要风险源,并针对这些船舶污染风险源,提出防范和应对措施,以期防止上海港船舶污染事故的发生。     

混合动力在交通运输行业的应用

为节约能源,改善环境,混合动力汽车应运而生。分析混合动力技术的工作原理。分别介绍混合动力汽车的分类及代表车型,混合动力汽车的普及和政策扶持情况,标准制定工作。并介绍混合动力汽车在中国市场和国际市场上的发展。     

基于故障树分析的爆炸品公路军事运输危险源辨识

针对爆炸品公路军事运输安全标准高、涉及因素多、组织难度大的特点,运用故障树理论,对运输过程中的潜在危险源进行定性与定量分析,明确了各相关事故诱发因素的重要程度,为指导部队顺利完成爆炸品公路军事运输任务提供理论参考。     

Greenhouse gas emissions from road transport in South Africa and Lesotho between 2000 and 2009

Road transport is the major source of global greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector, contributing about three quarters towards the total transport emissions. This study used the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Tier 2 approach to calculate greenhouse gas emissions from road transport in South Africa and Lesotho between 2000 and 2009. Key transport emitting sources, trend analysis and modal intensities were determined for the two countries. For South Africa, provincial road transport emissions were calculated from the number of vehicles by vehicle type and distance travelled. Calculations were at a national level in Lesotho. Road transport carbon dioxide equivalent emissions were estimated at 43.5 million tonnes in South Africa and 0.28 million tonnes in Lesotho in 2009. Motorcars and trucks produced 70.6% of the total road transport emissions in South Africa. Road transport emissions increased by approximately 2.6% per year between 2000 and 2009 in South Africa, while they increased by approximately 2.5% per annum in Lesotho over the same period. Gauteng province had the highest emissions, contributing approximately a third of total road transport emissions in South Africa; while the Northern Cape contributed only 2%. Minibus taxis were the most efficient transport mode on the basis of load carried. The Northern Cape had the highest emissions per passenger-kilometres and tonne-kilometre while the North West had the lowest. Trend assessment showed that emissions from trucks increased rapidly while emissions from other modes of transport decreased over the study period.     

Temporal and spatial variation in allocating annual traffic activity across an urban region and implications for air quality assessments

Patterns of traffic activity, including changes in the volume and speed of vehicles, vary over time and across urban areas and can substantially affect vehicle emissions of air pollutants. Time-resolved activity at the street scale typically is derived using temporal allocation factors (TAFs) that allow the development of emissions inventories needed to predict concentrations of traffic-related air pollutants. This study examines the spatial and temporal variation of TAFs, and characterizes prediction errors resulting from their use. Methods are presented to estimate TAFs and their spatial and temporal variability and used to analyze total, commercial and non-commercial traffic in the Detroit, Michigan, U.S. metropolitan area. The variability of total volume estimates, quantified by the coefficient of variation (COV) representing the percentage departure from expected hourly volume, was 21%, 33%, 24% and 33% for weekdays, Saturdays, Sundays and holidays, respectively. Prediction errors mostly resulted from hour-to-hour variability on weekdays and Saturdays, and from day-to-day variability on Sundays and holidays. Spatial variability was limited across the study roads, most of which were large freeways. Commercial traffic had different temporal patterns and greater variability than non-commercial vehicle traffic, e.g., the weekday variability of hourly commercial volume was 28%. The results indicate that TAFs for a metropolitan region can provide reasonably accurate estimates of hourly vehicle volume on major roads. While vehicle volume is only one of many factors that govern on-road emission rates, air quality analyses would be strengthened by incorporating information regarding the uncertainty and variability of traffic activity.     

机械设备振源三向激励力测试方法

机械设备传递到船体上的激励力对船舶结构振动噪声预报有着重要意义。对于弹性安装的设备,提出采用基于隔振器阻抗特性的激励力间接测试方法和基于三向力传感器的直接测试方法。以小型柴油机为实验对象,用PCB三向力传感器直接测量柴油机机脚通过隔振器传递到基座的激励力,提出力传感器噪声干扰的抑制措施。实验结果表明,三向激励力间接测试值的误差小于3 dB,保证了测试精度,可作为准确值验证间接测试方法,在工程中采用间接测试方法完全可以代替直接测试方法。     

基于波束形成和双目视觉的行驶汽车噪声源识别

提出一种基于波束形成原理,声阵列与双目视觉相结合的行驶汽车噪声源识别方法。通过对两台摄像机所拍摄图像的分析,计算出车辆的实时位置;将运动过程划分为若干时段进行声场重建,得出汽车行驶过程中的动态声场视频。试验结果表明,应用该方法能够准确识别运动中汽车的主要噪声源,且可更加直观地看到汽车噪声的动态变化。