城市道路环境下自动驾驶车辆接管绩效分析（双语出版）

为了分析城市道路环境下高度自动驾驶中非驾驶相关任务和接管紧迫度对接管绩效的影响,基于驾驶模拟器设计了自动驾驶紧急接管场景并开展驾驶模拟试验,接管请求时间分别设定为3,4,5 s,非驾驶相关任务为读新闻、看视频、玩游戏,自动驾驶车速为50 km·h^-1,试验中共招募了49名被试（男性30名,女性19名）,被试的平均年龄为31.06岁（标准差为7.1岁）,驾驶人在自动驾驶阶段始终执行非驾驶相关任务,听到接管请求提示后需要接管车辆的控制权,并实施紧急避让操作。研究结果表明：在紧急接管情况下,接管紧迫度对合成加速度和最小TTC有影响,而对接管时间无影响,与5 s的接管请求时间条件相比,3,4 s的接管请求时间条件下的合成加速度明显增加,而最小TTC则随接管请求时间的减少而降低;非驾驶相关任务对接管时间和最小TTC有影响,而对合成加速度无影响,与无非驾驶相关任务相比,非驾驶相关任务会显著增加接管时间和降低最小TTC;碰撞几乎都发生在3 s和4 s的接管请求时间下,5 s的接管请求时间能够基本保证接管的安全性。     

混行非机动交通流车速离散特性研究

我国城市非机动道路内的交通现象通常为电动自行车与人力自行车混合行驶状况,车速离散是该类道路内交通流的重要特征。结合杭州市的调查数据,采用统计学方法定量分析混合非机动交通流车速离散特性,分别建立车速离散特性评价参数与各主要影响因素之间的回归关系。结果表明,归一化车速离散度分别与各影响因素成线性回归关系;除电动自行车比例因素之外,车速变异系数与其它各因素成线性回归关系。     

Consumer preferences for battery electric vehicles: A choice experimental survey in China

To accelerate the diffusion of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), consumer preferences for different products and policy attributes must be determined. Although previous studies have investigated consumer preferences for some product attributes, including purchase price, operation cost, driving range, and charging time, limited studies have discussed the broader aspects of product attributes, such as battery warranty and depreciation rate. Moreover, market-oriented incentives, including the personal carbon trading (PCT) scheme and the tradable driving credits (TDC) scheme, can theoretically be effective alternatives to expensive purchase subsidies. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence that confirms the influence of these two schemes on BEV adoption. To fill these gaps, we conducted a stated preference choice experimental survey in China and investigated the effect of product attributes, existing policy incentives, and two emerging market-oriented incentives on BEV adoption. Our results reveal that along with the main product attributes, battery warranty has a significant positive effect on inducing mainstream consumers to adopt BEVs while no preference difference occurs among existing policy incentives after purchase subsidies are abolished. For young consumers, almost all incentives that reduce the operation cost (e.g., PCT) or increase convenience (e.g., TDC) can increase their adoption of BEVs. These findings can provide important implications for the government with regard to designing novel incentives and promoting BEV adoption.     

Using on-board logging devices to study the longer-term impact of an eco-driving course

In this paper the long-term impact of an eco-driving training course is evaluated by monitoring driving behavior and fuel consumption for several months before and after the course. Cars were equipped with an on-board logging device that records the position and speed of the vehicle using GPS tracking as well as real time as electronic engine data extracted from the controller area network. The data includes mileage, number of revolutions per minute, position of the accelerator pedal, and instantaneous fuel consumption. It was gathered over a period of 10 months for 10 drivers during real-life conditions thus enabling an individual drive style analysis. The average fuel consumption four months after the course fell by 5.8%. Most drivers showed an immediate improvement in fuel consumption that was stable over time, but some tended to fall back into their original driving habits.     

双薄壁墩连续刚构顶推力研究

文章结合深圳轨道交通某双薄壁墩连续刚构工程实例,阐述了确定连续刚构中跨合拢时顶推力大小的方法,并且对顶推前后连续刚构的受力特性进行了研究,其基本思路、方法和成果可供类似桥梁结构的设计施工参考。     

基于FLAC3D的高填方路堤通道涵洞受力特性数值分析

文章以厦蓉高速公路广西境内灌阳至全州段K13＋710通道涵洞为工程实例,利用FLAC3D（快速拉格朗日分析）软件对高填方路堤中的顶板通道进行数值仿真分析,总结了高填方路堤通道涵洞的受力特性,并提出了通道涵洞设计施工中应注意的问题。     

深埋大断面黄土隧道初期支护受力特征分析

为避免初期支护局部破坏对深埋黄土隧道安全产生危害,依托甘肃省境内早胜3号隧道施工开展深埋大断面黄土隧道初期支护受力规律的现场试验研究。通过埋设振弦式传感器对围岩与初期支护接触压力、喷射混凝土应变、钢拱架应变、相邻钢拱架间作用力进行监测,同时建立模拟隧道施工的有限元计算模型,分析得到初期支护内力分布特点。结果表明： 1) 初期支护受力随时间表现出迅速增长—缓慢增长—逐渐稳定的特点,曲线在二次衬砌闭合12 d后基本稳定; 2)应力空间分布上部大下部小,偏压特性明显,荷载理论计算值偏小; 3) 拱顶及边墙区域为初期支护薄弱部位,需采取措施并加强监控量测; 4)数值计算表明锚杆末端轴力较小,设计中可考虑适当缩短锚杆长度。     

可变截面涡轮增压瞬态性能仿真研究

为研究可变截面涡轮喷嘴开度对发动机的性能影响,建立GT-power和MATLB/Simulink联合仿真模型。采用GT-power软件建立的TBD234V12可变截面涡轮增压柴油机仿真模型研究发动机稳态性能,联合MATLB/Simulink软件建立的可变截面涡轮增压柴油机控制模型,对发动机瞬态性能进行仿真计算。结果表明:在发动机瞬态工况下,可变截面涡轮增压系统可以明显改善常规增压柴油机的动力性、经济性和动态响应特性,并且有效降低增压柴油机的时滞性,涡轮迟滞时间的降幅约为30%。     

典型洪水作用下长江口白茆沙水道演变特性

基于白茆沙水道典型年份地形和水文数据,对典型洪水作用下白茆沙水道演变特性进行研究。结果表明:在新的河道边界条件和典型洪水作用下白茆沙水道分流点下移北偏,汇流点上提,白茆沙北水道深泓持续北偏,南水道新泾河至七丫口一带深泓较稳定;白茆沙沙体发生淤积,其面积、体积均呈增大特征,白茆沙南水道深槽平面上表现为冲刷展宽,断面上白茆沙南水道深槽冲刷下切,北水道断面面积呈淤积萎缩态势;白茆沙全河段表现出冲槽淤滩、总体淤积特征。     

汉江河口段河床演变及碍航特性分析

汉江河口段属典型的"两堤一江"河段,河道微弯,河槽单一。根据《湖北省内河航运发展规划(修编)》,本河段将在十三五期间将航道等级提升到Ⅱ级。根据河道地形资料,从河道平面、深泓纵剖面、深槽变化等方面着手,对该河段的河床演变规律、影响因素及碍航特性进行研究,并针对碍航浅区段提出相应的治理思路,为该河段的航道治理提供依据。