Modeling heterogeneous risk-taking behavior in route choice: A stochastic dominance approach

This paper proposes a unified approach to modeling heterogonous risk-taking behavior in route choice based on the theory of stochastic dominance (SD). Specifically, the first-, second-, and third-order stochastic dominance (FSD, SSD, TSD) are respectively linked to insatiability, risk-aversion and ruin-aversion within the framework of utility maximization. The paths that may be selected by travelers of different risk-taking preferences can be obtained from the corresponding SD-admissible paths, which can be generated using general dynamic programming. This paper also analyzes the relationship between the SD-based approach and other route choice models that consider risk-taking behavior. These route choice models employ a variety of reliability indexes, which often make the problem of finding optimal paths intractable. We show that the optimal paths with respect to these reliability indexes often belong to one of the three SD-admissible path sets. This finding offers not only an interpretation of risk-taking behavior consistent with the SD theory for these route choice models, but also a unified and computationally viable solution approach through SD-admissible path sets, which are usually small and can be generated without having to enumerate all paths. A generic label-correcting algorithm is proposed to generate FSD-, SSD-, and TSD-admissible paths, and numerical experiments are conducted to test the algorithm and to verify the analytical results.     

基于应变模态的车轴动应力仿真计算

基于动车组的动车车轴和拖车车轴的应变模态分析结果,结合线路实测数据,运用模态叠加法对动车组车轴进行了动应力的仿真计算,得出了两种车轴上相应测点的应力时间历程,并与线路测试数据进行了比较．结果表明：经过仿真计算得到的测点应力时间历程与实测结果比较吻合,从而验证了将应变模态与测试数据结合计算动应力的可行性,可以进一步开展疲劳强度分析．     

制动力作用下简支梁结构动力响应分析方法

依据相关规范对制动力按最不利影响取值,根据Newmark-β数值积分方法编制程序,计算在列车制动力作用下多跨简支梁结构在不同影响参数（如制动速度、墩台刚度）下的纵向动力响应,以判断结构是否满足高速铁路运营的安全性要求。     

水中结构的动力响应分析

将海洋悬跨管道、悬浮隧道等结构简化为简支梁,将水流引起漩涡泄放产生的升力简化为简谐荷载,考虑流固耦合效应研究水中结构的动力响应.在模态分析后,根据结构的自振频率范围选定简谐荷载的强制频率范围,进行谐响应分析得到响应-频率曲线,选取适当频率进行瞬态分析,得到响应的时间历程曲线.比较分析不同长度的结构在水和空气中的响应,分析表明:同一结构在水中的各阶自振频率小于空气中的自振频率;结构在水中的响应较空气中大;当简谐荷载以结构的一、二、三阶频率激振时,结构振动的位移幅值依次减小.     

水轮发电机组轴系松动-碰摩耦合故障的动态响应

为研究非线性因素引起水轮发电机组轴承松动和转子碰摩故障,考虑定子与基础间的连接刚度和阻尼,建立了轴承松动与转子碰摩耦合故障下,具有6自由度的水轮发电机组轴系动力学模型.通过分岔图、Poincaré映射图和幅值谱图,分析了机组轴系随转频比和转子质量偏心变化的非线性动态响应.研究表明:机组转子和松动轴承有周期1运动、周期3运动及复杂的拟周期运动;在1/3倍频处存在幅值较大的低频谐波分量;随着转子质量偏心的增大,转子与定子间发生碰摩的区域不断增大,其动力学响应趋于复杂.     

三塔悬索桥静动力特性与中塔选型

为探讨三塔悬索桥与两塔悬索桥静动力特性差异与中塔选型,以泰州长江大桥为原型,基于有限位移理论建立相应的两塔、三塔（混凝土中塔与钢中塔）悬索桥的空间有限元模型,分析了各种结构参数下的静力和地震效应。研究结果表明：与两塔悬索桥相比,由于中塔顶缺乏边缆的有效纵向约束,三塔悬索桥整体刚度较小,变形较大,自振频率低;汽车作用下主...     

粘滞阻尼器在连续梁桥抗震设计中的应用

为研究粘滞阻尼器在大跨连续梁桥中的抗震性能,结合工程实例建立Midas有限元分析模型,采用非线性动力时程分析方法,比较多种粘滞阻尼器的布置方案,并对粘滞阻尼器进行参数敏感性分析.结果表明,增设粘滞阻尼器能显著改善固定墩在地震力作用下的受力性能,使各墩间的受力更趋均衡,粘滞阻尼器参数C,ξ的变化对结构抗震性能影响较为明显...     

大跨度预应力混凝土连续刚构桥动力特性及P-Δ效应分析

以某已建成的连续刚构桥为研究对象,采用Midas/civil 2010有限元程序,建立连续刚构桥有限元模型,分析了连续刚构桥采用钢筋混凝土双薄壁实心墩、双薄壁空心墩和单柱式空心墩三种截面形式的动力特性和分别在纵向地震和横桥向地震作用下结构的P Δ效应。研究结果表明:三种不同截面类型的桥梁自振频率依次增大,不同的桥墩截面形式使桥梁结构的振型序列发生变化;在三种桥墩截面形式下,考虑P-Δ效应后,对纵向地震响应的影响显著而对横向地震响应的影响较小,但P-Δ效应并不影响桥梁结构的时程曲线趋势。     

Strategic alliances in container liner shipping

The economic crisis in the years between 2008 and 2010 has demonstrated the necessity for substantial adjustments on behalf of container lines. Capacities were shifted quickly to emerging and less affected markets allowing a faster recovery of globally organized companies. This paper illustrates the dynamics in the container shipping market. Alongside the main characteristics of the Top 20 ocean shipping companies, liner services are described. These services are classified by geographic coverage and vessel deployment. In addition, this paper provides a better understanding of the collaboration among service providers. Starting from a general framework of co-operative liner services, in-depth analyses of the global alliances in liner shipping are obtained. These formations - Grand Alliance, New World Alliance and CKYH Alliance - are compared with alternative forms of collaboration in the liner shipping industry. The analysis of alliance announcements which are related to operational and strategic changes indicates that the “global alliances” cannot be regarded as closed corporate-like entities. In effect, service agreements are not only negotiated with the focal members of the specific alliance. Instead, every service is arranged individually and under specific conditions. By understanding the dynamics within alliances, we are able to develop an assessment relating to the stability of collaborations. Ultimately, these insights direct us to several paths for future research.     

Hydroelastic code-to-code comparison for a tension leg spar-type floating wind turbine

The development of robust design tools for offshore wind turbines requires knowledge of both wave and wind load models and response analysis. Verification of the numerical codes is required by the use of experiments and code-to-code comparisons. This paper presents a hydroelastic code-to-code comparison between the HAWC2 and USFOS/vpOne codes for a tension leg spar (TLS) wind turbine with a single tether. This concept is hence based on the TLP and Spar concepts. The comparison is performed using coupled hydroelastic time domain simulations. Several aspects of modelling, such as wave simulation, hydrodynamic and structural modelling, are addressed for the TLS. Wave-induced motions of the support structure affect the power performance of a wind turbine. Furthermore, overload of the tension leg should be avoided. In this paper, the motion and tension responses are compared. The tension leg introduces nonlinear effects on the spar motion. These nonlinear effects include combined-frequency effect such as double, difference and sum of wave, as well as natural pitch and surge frequencies. Hydrodynamic loads are based on a combination of the Morison formula and the pressure integration method. A comparison indicates that the motion and tension responses obtained in the two codes are in good agreement.