土石混填路基强夯法施工质量无损检测技术

对于土石混填路基强夯处治效果的评价,还没有比较好的无损检测手段。采用测量面波速度的方法来评价强夯加固处治措施的效果,在阐述了该方法的原理及特点后,结合梁长高速公路的路基强夯实际工程,应用该方法对该段高速公路的路基压实度进行了评价。结果表明:强夯处治前后面波速度的变化反映了岩土力学性质的变化,利用测量面波速度的方法可以评价强夯加固处治措施的效果,瑞利波法用于评价强夯施工效果高效、准确,值得大力推广。     

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直达列车多点装卸取送顺序直接关系到铁路货车运用效率;文章考虑车辆行驶时间及装卸时间的不确定性,假设它们为服从正态分布的随机变量,经过分析,在给定置信水平下,提出了调车机车作业中断时间的计算方法,并结合算法设计建立了极小化调车机车作业中断时间的最佳取送模型;利用遗传算法的原理及方法对取送顺序方案进行了研究,构造了解决该问题的单亲遗传算法;通过从遗传算法对算例的计算过程和结果可见,该算法求解直达列车多点装卸取送问题取得了较好的效果。     

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随着我国公路隧道建设的蓬勃发展,连拱隧道的修建也越来越多。连拱隧道一般应用于中短隧道工程,常常存在浅埋偏压、地质条件较差等问题。河北省张石高速公路岔道2号隧道全长188m,属于双连拱隧道。围岩级别主要由IV、V两级构成,进口段围岩比较破碎,埋深较浅同时具有偏压现象,给施工带来了一定难度。本文采用现场监测与数值模拟两种手段,对隧道浅埋偏压段围岩开挖后的位移变形进行了分析研究。研究结果表明两种分析结果基本吻合,可见采用数值模拟方法在隧道工程分析上是可行的,同时也弥补了单一的现场监测方法存在的预见性较弱的缺陷。     

车辆超载作用对路面的影响分析

利用Matlab软件编制程序,对车辆超载问题进行了仿真,分析了由于路面不平整度引起的车辆动荷载和动荷载系数变化规律,得到车辆超载率与车辆动荷载和动荷载系数之间的关系。为路面设计和车辆与路面之间的相互作用提供了理论基础。     

矿山法海底隧道废水排水系统设计实践

以青岛胶州湾海底隧道工程为依托,对废水系统排水能力的确定、废水提升方案的选择及废水泵房优化设计等方面进行分析,探讨矿山法海底隧道废水排水系统的主要关键技术。主要结论如下： 1）废水排水能力确定的关键在于隧道的结构渗漏水的定量,常规的水下隧道的结构渗漏水量数据不一定适用于海底隧道,必须实际测量后确定; 2）废水提升方案关系到排水的经济性和安全性,核心在于选取安全可靠的水泵类型; 3）废水泵房优化主要从废水池有效容积、结构设计及设备检修等方面进行展开分析; 4）矿山法海底隧道废水排水系统的设计,必须从隧道实际情况出发,综合考虑各类影响因素,以达到安全、经济的设计目标。     

Sliding window method for vehicles moving on a long track

The rail is modelled as a simply supported beam in the vehicle–track coupled dynamics. The beam is formulated by a partial differential equation that is transformed into an ordinary differential equation by the method of mode superposition for numerical calculation. However, the size of the matrix that is formed by the mode-superposition method increases significantly with track length, which limits the calculation efficiency. Some methods have been developed to solve this calculation issue, but they diminish the merits of the vehicle–track coupled dynamics, which would systematically investigate the dynamics of a vehicle and a track from the entire vehicle–track system. A new method is developed to resolve this contradiction. First, a theory based on a sliding window is established to improve the computational stability with respect to the length and the window-movement ratio. Then, two methods, namely finite element method analysis and an analytical solution, are used to verify the accuracy of the new method, which is highly efficient when used in a vertical half-vehicle–track coupled model to calculate the vehicle response when the vehicle moves on a long track. The results of the vehicle response calculated with and without the sliding window show good consistency.     

Field measurements of the evolution of wheel wear and vehicle dynamics for high-speed trains

This investigation demonstrates the wheel wear evolution and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains with an operating distance (OD) of around two million kilometres. A long-term experimental test lasting two years was conducted to record the wheel profiles and structural vibrations of various trainsets. The wheel wear, namely the profile shape, worn distribution and wheelset conicity, is investigated for several continuous reprofiling cycles. Typical results are illustrated for the stability analysis, and the ride quality is examined with increasing OD. In addition, the vibration transition characteristics between suspensions are investigated in both the time and frequency domains. The experiments show that the dominant wear concentrates on the nominal rolling radius, and the wear rate increases with OD because of the surface softening resulting from the loss of wheel material. The vibration of structural components is aggravated by the increase of the equivalent conicity of the wheelset, which rises approximately linearly with the wheel wear and OD. High-frequency vibrations arise in the bogie and car body related to the track arrangement and wheel out-of-roundness, causing the ride comfort to worsen significantly. Additionally, the system vibration characteristics are strongly dependent on the atmospheric temperature. Summaries and conclusions are obtained regarding the wheel wear and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains over long operating times and distances.     

铁路高墩大跨度连续刚构桥抗震设计分析

为保证在罕遇地震下桥梁结构满足规范要求,以主跨120m的高墩大跨连续刚构桥——云南万拉木特大桥为例,运用MIDAS Civil建立连续刚构桥空间有限元模型,对其进行动力特性及罕遇地震作用下的非线性时程分析,并优化延性抗震设计。分析结果表明:桥梁振型以梁墩的横向振动为主,第1阶横向侧弯的自振周期为1.697s,全桥最大振幅出现在桥墩墩顶位置。在罕遇地震(50年超越概率为2%)作用下,中跨墩顶、底受力较大,均已进入屈服,但其弯矩均小于钢筋极限弯矩,桥梁满足"大震不倒"抗震性能目标。对塑性铰区进行优化,将墩底以上3m空心与实体分界位置处截面外层部分主筋弯折,形成最不利塑性铰区域;加强墩顶、底塑性铰区域横向约束钢筋布置,提高墩柱延性。     

基于驾驶员意图识别的纯电动汽车动力性驱动控制策略

为了解决纯电动汽车动力性和操控性难以同时兼顾的问题,将驾驶员意图分为稳态意图和动态意图,稳态意图用于保证车辆的操控性,动态意图用于保证车辆的动力性,在此基础上提出了一种基于驾驶员意图识别的纯电动汽车动力性驱动控制策略,该策略首先分别采用“典型工作点+分段插值”和模糊推理方法来识别驾驶员的稳态和动态意图;接着采用“动态补偿转矩保持”和“动态补偿转矩归零”等算法计算动态补偿转矩;最后通过“增量式”动态补偿转矩跟踪算法和电机过载管理算法给出最终的转矩指令。仿真与试验结果表明,该策略既可以根据驾驶员稳态意图保证车辆的操控性,也可根据驾驶员动态意图提高车辆的动力性。     

<TPL-PCRUN> Statement of methods

TPL-PCRUN is a software program for the dynamic interaction simulation of pantograph–catenary systems. In the benchmark, based on the finite element method, the catenary model was built and the pantograph was considered as a three-level spring–damper–mass system. Then, through the contact definition between pantograph and catenary, the coupled model of the pantograph and catenary system was established. The respective dynamic equations of motions were solved by the time integration method. Thus, the simulation results were obtained and submitted for the comparison with the other software. On the other hand, a standard model from EN50318 was established and analysed by TPL-PCRUN. The simulation results by TPL-PCRUN were remarkably consistent with the reference values given by EN50318. It was proved that the results by TPL-PCRUN can be reliable. Recently, the software has been updated and improved. Some new models and algorithms are proposed, including the rigid–flexible hybrid pantograph model, contact definition considering appearance characteristics of the contact surfaces, a fluid–solid coupling algorithm of the pantograph and catenary system, etc.