软弱围岩段连拱隧道施工安全及衬砌结构分析

该文以深圳某公路隧道为工程背景,采用有限元程序对该连拱隧道的施工过程进行了数值模拟,得到了隧道围岩的变形规律、应力分布特征,以及围岩位移随时间变化的规律。采用荷载-结构法对隧道二次衬砌内力和截面配筋进行了验算。验算结果表明:设计时可通过增大局部截面厚度和增加钢筋来提高衬砌结构强度,从而最大程度地保证隧道施工的安全进行。     

青草沙泵站基坑支撑爆破拆除技术研究

该文以青草沙五号沟泵站基坑内支撑爆破拆除施工为背景,通过数值模拟分析研究了各项爆破参数对基坑内部结构受到的爆炸应力影响,并通过振动荷载的动力响应分析,从而为判断爆破振动是否会造成内部结构产生微观损伤提供了一种方法。     

岩质边坡稳定性数值模拟及动力响应分析

采用快速拉格朗日方法,以差分技术引入时问因素实现了从连续介质小变形到大变形的分析模拟,对湖南省对121援建项目一四川理县至小金公路工程中豹子嘴边坡建立了三维模型,并采用2008年5．12汶川M8．0级地震中木卡站实测的地震波,在对地震波进行校正的基础上,进行动力数值模拟,分析了地震荷载作用下岩质边坡的位移、加速度和速度的动力响应过程和规律。岩质边坡动力响应分析表明地震荷载下岩质边坡最小水平永久位移、最小水平加速度反应峰值及最小水平速度反应峰值均发生在坡脚处,且在竖向方向均存在较明显的放大效应,其位移、加速度和速度的放大效应存在一定差异,放大倍数分别为18,1．3和6．35。     

行车荷载作用下路基附加应力动态分析

该文在考虑材料动态参数基础上,借助ABAQUS通用有限元软件,建立三维有限元模型,采用动态分析的手段,计算了不同车速下路基竖向附加应力,并与静态分析结果进行了对比。结果表明,采用材料动态参数下,路基内部及顶面竖向应力动态分析值分别高出静载下计算值8%与10%;低车速下路基竖向附加应力偏高;动态分析时间点的选取对附加应力值影响显著。     

Mathematical modelling of train–turnout interaction

The paper proposes a mathematical model of train–turnout interaction in the mid-frequency range (0–500 Hz). The model accounts for the effects of rail profile variation along the track and of local variation of track flexibility. The proposed approach is able to represent the condition of one wheel being simultaneously in contact with more than one rail, allowing the accurate prediction of the effect of wheels being transferred from one rail to another when passing over the switch toe and the crossing nose. Comprehensive results of train–turnout interaction during the negotiation of the main and the branch lines are presented, including the effect of wear of wheel/rail profiles and presence of track misalignment. In the final part of the paper, comparisons are performed between the results of numerical simulations and line measurements performed on two different turnouts for urban railway lines, showing a good agreement between experimental and numerical results.     

粘性土地基强夯地面变形的模型试验研究

根据相似原理,设计采用70 cm×70 cm×70 cm（长×宽×高）的模型箱,制备含水率为20 %的粘性土,通过3种不同的锤径以及施加3种不同的能量组合进行夯击试验,试验中观测了夯点的地面变形与夯坑深度,建立了夯坑深度与所取得的土质参数和施工参数间的相关方程,并用工程实例对拟合的方程进行验证。结果显示:该方程可用来推算现场强夯时的夯坑深度,还可推算场地平均夯沉量。     

列车作用下东巨寺沟铁路隧道围岩动力反应分析

东巨寺沟铁路隧道选取试验段中实施湿喷工艺喷射聚丙烯纤维混凝土,作为支护结构,并作永久性支护结构,免除二次衬砌;为研究该隧道在列车作用下的动力响应,从土－结构相互作用模型出发,采用粘－弹性人工边界条件,建立隧道支护结构－围岩相互作用的动力分析模型,采用时程积分法研究了列车荷载对铁路隧道围岩和支护结构的动力作用,分析了列车荷载作用下由于轨道不平顺引起的动力响应,并对该隧道围岩的稳定性进行了分析。分析结果表明:在列车动力作用下,隧道围岩和支护结构变形微小,处于稳定状态。     

Application of the Pareto-optimal approach for selecting dynamic characteristics of seat suspension systems

In this paper, a method for selecting the dynamic characteristics of seat suspension systems is presented. The basic principle of such a method consists in the shaping of nonlinear seat suspension dynamic behaviour for the different requirements defined by machine operators. A combined optimisation procedure has allowed to find the Pareto-optimal system configuration with simultaneous minimisation of conflicted optimisation criteria: the suspended body acceleration and suspension travel. As an example of the proposed method, the seat with a viscous-elastic passive suspension is investigated and its vibro-isolation properties are shaped by the air-spring and shock-absorber force characteristics.     

A closed-loop dynamic simulation-based design method for articulated heavy vehicles with active trailer steering systems

This paper presents a closed-loop dynamic simulation-based design method for articulated heavy vehicles (AHVs) with active trailer steering (ATS) systems. AHVs have poor manoeuvrability at low speeds and exhibit low lateral stability at high speeds. From the design point of view, there exists a trade-off relationship between AHVs’ manoeuvrability and stability. For example, fewer articulation points and longer wheelbases will improve high-speed lateral stability, but they will degrade low-speed manoeuvrability. To tackle this conflicting design problem, a systematic method is proposed for the design of AHVs with ATS systems. In order to evaluate vehicle performance measures under a well-defined testing manoeuvre, a driver model is introduced and it ‘drivers’ the vehicle model to follow a prescribed route at a given speed. Considering the interactions between the mechanical trailer and the ATS system, the proposed design method simultaneously optimises the active design variables of the controllers and passive design variables of the trailer in a single design loop (SDL). Through the design optimisation of an ATS system for an AHV with a truck and a drawbar trailer combination, this SDL method is compared against a published two design loop method. The benchmark investigation shows that the former can determine better trade-off design solutions than those derived by the latter. This SDL method provides an effective approach to automatically implement the design synthesis of AHVs with ATS systems.     

Assessment of the influence of the elastic properties of rail vehicle suspensions on safety,ride quality and track fatigue

A sensitivity analysis has been performed to assess the influence of the elastic properties of railway vehicle suspensions on the vehicle dynamic behaviour. To do this, 144 dynamic simulations were performed modifying, one at a time, the stiffness and damping coefficients, of the primary and secondary suspensions. Three values were assigned to each parameter, corresponding to the percentiles 10, 50 and 90 of a data set stored in a database of railway vehicles. After processing the results of these simulations, the analysed parameters were sorted by increasing influence. It was also found which of these parameters could be estimated with a lesser degree of accuracy in future simulations without appreciably affecting the simulation results. In general terms, it was concluded that the highest influences were found for the longitudinal stiffness and the lateral stiffness of the primary suspension, and the lowest influences for the vertical stiffness and the vertical damping of the primary suspension, with the parameters of the secondary suspension showing intermediate influences between them.