不同速度下沥青路面的动态响应分析

利用ANSYS建立典型的半刚性路面结构的三维有限元模型,并比较动载与静载下力学响应的不同,结果表明动载下的响应偏小。另外,通过改变命令流参数,计算不同速度下的响应结果,发现车速较高时,路面的力学响应反而偏小。     

独立旋转车轮动力学性能研究

独立旋转车轮的结构型式与传统轮对相比具有很大的差别，在直线和曲线上的轮轨接触动力学性能也有明显差异。独立旋转车轮理论上不存在纵向蠕滑，具有较高的临界速度和较低的轮轨磨耗，其直线对中性能和曲线导向性能较差。利用计算机仿真，对独立旋转车轮和传统轮对的动力学性能进行了比较分析。     

On the scattering of test data and the significance of the standard coefficients ‘dynamic stiffness’ and ‘loss angle’ for hydraulic engine mounts

Based on the test results, a study on the scattering of the standard coefficients c _dyn and δ within the test cycles on a standard testing machine as well as within the samples of a batch of hydraulic engine mounts is performed; furthermore, an estimate for the systematic error caused by the testing machine is given. By a simulated example, the pronounced sensitivity of the response of the engine to the scattering of c _dyn and δ as well as to even small deviations of the hysteresis curves for otherwise identical values of the standard coefficients is demonstrated. As a main result, it is found that the most important source of uncertainty is scattering within the batch, which, in conjunction with the observed sensitivity of the response of the engine, raises the question for the meaningful level of sophistication of a model for predictive purposes.     

Dynamic assessment of existing soft catenary systems using modal analysis to explore higher train velocities: a case study of a Norwegian contact line system

Significant advances made on the rolling stock have considerably increased the possibility of higher speeds in existing railways. Thus, it is important to explore higher speeds and potential limiting factors of existing soft catenary systems. The present paper investigates procedures to assess the dynamic behaviour of these systems using response sampling and modal analysis. The assessment evaluates and quantifies dynamic response along the section. To verify the approach, a case study is conducted and the following assessment methods are used: lengthwise track correlation estimating dynamic predictability, power spectral density estimations before and after passage and short-time Fourier transforms and spectrograms. The combination provides detailed information on the dynamic behaviour. The first part introduces necessary considerations for suggested modal analysis. The second part describes an existing Norwegian section. The case study is conducted using a finite element model including a straight and a given section between Oslo-Trondheim, providing detailed evaluations and system limitation detections.     

一种实时轨道监测无线传感器网络与服务模型研究

列车在运行时,对轨道和路基等的承载设施进行全面监测并将获取的信息实时传送给机车操控人员和列车运行监控记录装置具有重要的科研和实用意义。以此为背景,本文建立一种多网关移动条件下对线路进行实时监测的无线传感器网络模型,描述网络的结构、定义传感数据生成的服务等级划分规则和数据的传输流程。提出一种在网关运动条件下基于相对位置信息的网络功率控制方法并进行相应的通信协议设计。仿真结果表明,在选择合理的底层通信协议的条件下,该网络能够保证监测数据的可靠传输,并满足节能和实时性要求。     

基于DGPS、AIS、GPRS的船舶导航与监控系统

为了保障海上人命安全,特别是在能见度不良情况下有效地保障船舶航行安全,综合应用高精度差分GPS定位技术、GPRS数据传输等技术实现了船舶导航与监控系统。该系统具有形势监控、本船监控、他船监控等功能。     

移动式线路动态加载试验车的研制

通过分析国内外移动式线路动态加载试验车(装置)技术水平和现状,提出我国研制移动式线路动态加载试验车的目的和意义。介绍我国移动式线路动态加载试验车的主要功能和技术参数,并与国外同类设备进行比较,提出先进性、实用性、经济性研制原则。     

Identification of dynamic parameters in low-mobility mechanical systems: application to short long arm vehicle suspension

The identification of dynamic parameters in low-mobility mechanical systems is addressed and applied to short long arm (SLA) front car suspension. The main goal of the identification technique is to obtain, from experimental measurements, the values of those dynamic parameters (masses, location of the centre of masses, terms of the inertial matrix of the links, constant friction terms and elastic and viscous damping constant terms) that affect the dynamic behaviour of the system. Moreover, additional but important information that could be obtained from the procedure is related to the weight of those terms inside the dynamics of the system, so that simplified dynamic models based on relevant and well-identified parameters can be established. First, a systematic procedure will be presented for obtaining the equations of motion in a linear form with regard to the dynamic parameters to be identified. The main drawbacks related to the identification of parameters in low-mobility mechanisms will be pointed out, mainly the difficulty of determining a natural cutoff point into the singular values of the observation matrix which allows us to determine the true dimension of the set of base parameters and of obtaining an observation matrix well conditioned from the numerical point of view that allows an identification in the presence of measurement error. The procedure proposed for overcoming these problems will be based on the development of symbolic relationships among the physical parameters in order to determine the true rank of the observation matrix and on the consideration of a reduced subset of the base parameters set. These relevant parameters will be selected according to their influence on the dynamic behaviour of the mechanical system. A virtual benchmark will be used for testing purposes. The dynamic models based on relevant parameters show a better adjustment than the complete ones, mainly when the level of noise in the measurements used in the identification process increases.     

基于RANSE的螺旋桨模型敞水数值模拟方法研究

本文采用基于RANSE的船舶水动力学CFD求解器,开展螺旋桨模型敞水数值模拟研究,求解器采用基于Laplace权函数插值计算的交界面方法,实现不同计算域之间的耦合计算。以典型螺旋桨模型为对象,研究不同计算方法、网格形式,以及交界面位置对计算结果的影响,通过多方案的对比计算与分析,验证了Laplace权函数插值方法能够提高螺旋桨敞水计算稳定性,保证计算精度。同时给出了螺旋桨敞水性能数值计算的推荐方案,并采用推荐计算方案开展了螺旋桨模型敞水性能计算应用测试,结果与试验数据符合良好,初步建立了基于该水动力学CFD求解器的螺旋桨模型敞水数值模拟方法。     

动荷载作用下钢结构涂装的累积损伤机理与量化模型

为研究动荷载作用下公路钢桥涂装层与基体间的协同变形和破坏机制,开发了钢结构涂装层试件的动荷载试验系统,研究了疲劳荷载作用下涂层的破坏模式、附着力、弹性厚度、应变等随循环加载次数的发展规律。结合涂层破坏模式和发展规律,构建了涂层疲劳累积损伤度的计算模型,提出了基于损伤度的涂层破坏分级方法,并结合试验结果进行了验证。结果表明:疲劳荷载将引起涂层的附着力下降、弹性厚度降低和应变松弛,进而导致涂层出现附着破坏、内聚破坏及其组合。涂层附着损伤度是涂层损伤的主要因素,且随加载次数持续增大,当加载次数较大时内聚损伤贡献突出。试验涂装体系在22万次应力循环后附着损伤度最大为0.34,内聚损伤度最大为0.27,总损伤度达0.61,属于严重损伤。提出的损伤度模型及破坏分级方法与试验规律吻合良好,可应用于公路钢桥涂装层受动荷载作用下的寿命预测。