Investigation of the effects of sleeper-passing impacts on the high-speed train

The sleeper-passing impact has always been considered negligible in normal conditions, while the experimental data obtained from a High-speed train in a cold weather expressed significant sleeper-passing impacts on the axle box, bogie frame and car body. Therefore, in this study, a vertical coupled vehicle/track dynamic model was developed to investigate the sleeper-passing impacts and its effects on the dynamic performance of the high-speed train. In the model, the dynamic model of vehicle is established with 10 degrees of freedom. The track model is formulated with two rails supported on the discrete supports through the finite element method. The contact forces between the wheel and rail are estimated using the non-linear Hertz contact theory. The parametric studies are conducted to analyse effects of both the vehicle speeds and the discrete support stiffness on the sleeper-passing impacts. The results show that the sleeper-passing impacts become extremely significant with the increased support stiffness of track, especially when the frequencies of sleeper-passing impacts approach to the resonance frequencies of wheel/track system. The damping of primary suspension can effectively lower the magnitude of impacts in the resonance speed ranges, but has little effect on other speed ranges. Finally, a more comprehensively coupled vehicle/track dynamic model integrating with a flexible wheel set is developed to discuss the sleeper-passing-induced flexible vibration of wheel set.     

Incorporating Driver Behaviors in Network Design Problems: Challenges and Opportunities

The goal of a network design problem (NDP) is to make optimal decisions to achieve a certain objective such as minimizing total travel time or maximizing tolls collected in the network. A critical component to NDP is how travelers make their route choices. Researchers in transportation have adopted human decision theories to describe more accurate route choice behaviors. In this paper, we review the NDP with various route choice models: the random utility model (RUM), random regret-minimization (RRM) model, bounded rationality (BR), cumulative prospect theory (CPT), the fuzzy logic model (FLM) and dynamic learning models. Moreover, we identify challenges in applying behavioral route choice models to NDP and opportunities for future research.     

An efficient and exact event-based algorithm for solving simplified first order dynamic network loading problems in continuous time

In this paper a novel solution algorithm is proposed for exactly solving simplified first order dynamic network loading (DNL) problems for any generalised network. This DNL solution algorithm, termed eLTM (event-based Link Transmission Model), is based on the seminal Lighthill–Witham–Richards (LWR) model, adopts a triangular fundamental diagram and includes a generalised first order node model formulation. Unlike virtually all DNL solution algorithms, eLTM does not rely on time discretisation, but instead adopts an event based approach. The main advantage of this approach is the possibility of yielding exact results. Furthermore, an approximate version of the same algorithm is introduced. The user can configure an a-priori threshold that dictates the approximation error (measurable a-posteriori). Using this approximation the computational effort required decreases significantly, making it especially suitable for large scale applications. The computational complexity is investigated and results are demonstrated via theoretical and real world case studies. Fixed periods of stationary demands are included adopting a matrix demand profile to mimic basic departure time demand fluctuations. Finally, the information loss of the approximate solution is assessed under different configurations.     

基于复杂网络的机场群航线网络动态特征分析

随着航空运输和区域经济一体化的快速发展,我国已形成京津冀、长三角和珠三角三大典型机场群。文章以三大典型机场群为研究对象,构建基于滑动时间窗的航线网络拓扑结构,运用复杂网络理论分析机场群航线网络动态特征和同构性。研究结果表明,机场群航线网络具有无标度和小世界网络特征,并表现出显著的波峰和波谷动态性,并且长三角机场群的航班集中度分布明显高于其他两大机场群。文章首次从航线网络视角,运用Dice相似系数衡量了机场群内部各机场之间航线网络同构性程度。     

铁道车辆轴箱弹簧断裂故障对动力学性能的影响

车辆运行过程中,当轴箱弹簧突发断裂故障,会造成动力学状态和性能突变,一系悬挂刚度突然减小,暂时失去承载能力,会威胁车辆行车安全。结合整车的动力学仿真,建立了轴箱弹簧断裂过程的力学模型,对整个断裂过程进行仿真,模拟了轴箱弹簧突然断裂工况下车辆动力学性能变化,分析了轴箱弹簧断裂条件下车辆直线行车安全性以及曲线通过安全性。计算分析结果表明:轴箱弹簧突然断裂导致一系悬挂刚度剧变,引起轮轨垂向力先减小后增大,轮重减载率、脱轨系数等参数增大直至超限,但对轮轨横向力影响不大。     

混合下单模式下在线餐饮订单配送优化模型

针对在线餐饮订单量激增及订单到达非均匀分布导致的调度不合理与资源浪费等问题，提出顾客提前下单与动态实时下单相结合的下单模式，研究此模式下订单配送优化. 考虑在线餐饮订单配送优化具有的动态VRP和多回程VRP属性，以最小化配送成本为目标，建立带有软时间窗的整数规划模型. 设计基于插入算法和2-opt 邻域搜索的混合启发式算法求解模型. 通过算例，分析提前下单顾客比例、提前下单时长等因素的影响. 结果表明，单个因素的增加会降低配送成本，当两者同时增加，因系统达到饱和使配送成本不升反降，因此要调整措施使顾客下单情况与系统配送能力相适应.     

Influence of uneven rail irregularities on the dynamic response of the railway track using a three-dimensional model of the vehicle–track system

A mathematical model of the vehicle–track interaction is developed to investigate the coupled behaviour of vehicle–track system, in the presence of uneven irregularities at left/right rails. The railway vehicle is simplified as a 3D multi-rigid-body model, and the track is treated as the two parallel beams on a layered discrete support system. Besides the car-body, the bogies and the wheel sets, the sleepers are assumed to have roll degree of freedom, in order to simulate the in-plane rotation of the components. The wheel–rail interface is treated using a nonlinear Hertzian contact model, coupling the mathematical equations of the vehicle–track systems. The dynamic interaction of the entire system is numerically studied in time domain, employing Newmark's integration method. The track irregularity spectra of both the left/right rails are taken into account, as the inputs of dynamic excitations. The dynamic responses of the track system induced by such irregularities are obtained, particularly in terms of the vertical (bounce) and roll displacements. The numerical model of the present research is validated using several benchmark models reported in the literature, for both the smooth and unsmooth track conditions. Four sample profiles of the measured rail irregularities are considered as the case studies of excitation sources, examining their influences on the dynamic behaviour of the coupled system. The results of numerical simulations demonstrate that the motion of track system is significantly influenced by the presence of uneven irregularities in left/right rails. Dynamic response of the sleepers in the roll direction becomes more sensitive to the rail irregularities, as the unevenness severity of the parallel profiles (quantitative difference between left and right rail spectra) is increased. The severe geometric deformation of the track in the bounce–pitch–roll directions is mainly related to such profile unevenness (cross-level) in left/right rails.     

IGBT变流器模块试验装置的研制

针对变流器模块的测试要求,研究开发了一种用于变流器模块进行功能考核的试验设备,对该试验装置的硬件架构、工作原理、主要功能及软件设计等进行了说明。运用该试验装置可对变流器模块在低压工况、大功率工况下的工作状态进行考核。     

蜂巢式液冷电池模块传热特性的试验研究

为4 A·h的21700型锂离子电池研发了蜂巢式液冷电池模块,并通过搭建的试验平台测定其充/放电过程的传热特性。结果表明:在25℃环境温度下,0.5C恒流恒压充电和1C恒流放电过程中,电池模块的最大温差均被控制在2℃以内;40℃环境温度下,1C恒流放电过程中,当冷却液流量大于1 L/min时电池模块的最大温差能保持在所要求的5℃以内。说明蜂巢式液冷电池模块冷却性能优良,可为未来电池热管理方案的设计提供技术支撑。     

轮胎式集装箱门式起重机起升动载系数的研究

对弹性支承的轮胎式集装箱门式起重机的起升动载系数的力学模型、求解方法和计算公式等进行了理论研究和测试验证。理论计算和实际测试结果的比对表明,动态力学模型与实际情况较接近,计算公式和计算方法正确,测试结果可信。