车辆超载作用对路面的影响分析

利用Matlab软件编制程序,对车辆超载问题进行了仿真,分析了由于路面不平整度引起的车辆动荷载和动荷载系数变化规律,得到车辆超载率与车辆动荷载和动荷载系数之间的关系。为路面设计和车辆与路面之间的相互作用提供了理论基础。     

矿山法海底隧道废水排水系统设计实践

以青岛胶州湾海底隧道工程为依托,对废水系统排水能力的确定、废水提升方案的选择及废水泵房优化设计等方面进行分析,探讨矿山法海底隧道废水排水系统的主要关键技术。主要结论如下： 1）废水排水能力确定的关键在于隧道的结构渗漏水的定量,常规的水下隧道的结构渗漏水量数据不一定适用于海底隧道,必须实际测量后确定; 2）废水提升方案关系到排水的经济性和安全性,核心在于选取安全可靠的水泵类型; 3）废水泵房优化主要从废水池有效容积、结构设计及设备检修等方面进行展开分析; 4）矿山法海底隧道废水排水系统的设计,必须从隧道实际情况出发,综合考虑各类影响因素,以达到安全、经济的设计目标。     

Sliding window method for vehicles moving on a long track

The rail is modelled as a simply supported beam in the vehicle–track coupled dynamics. The beam is formulated by a partial differential equation that is transformed into an ordinary differential equation by the method of mode superposition for numerical calculation. However, the size of the matrix that is formed by the mode-superposition method increases significantly with track length, which limits the calculation efficiency. Some methods have been developed to solve this calculation issue, but they diminish the merits of the vehicle–track coupled dynamics, which would systematically investigate the dynamics of a vehicle and a track from the entire vehicle–track system. A new method is developed to resolve this contradiction. First, a theory based on a sliding window is established to improve the computational stability with respect to the length and the window-movement ratio. Then, two methods, namely finite element method analysis and an analytical solution, are used to verify the accuracy of the new method, which is highly efficient when used in a vertical half-vehicle–track coupled model to calculate the vehicle response when the vehicle moves on a long track. The results of the vehicle response calculated with and without the sliding window show good consistency.     

Field measurements of the evolution of wheel wear and vehicle dynamics for high-speed trains

This investigation demonstrates the wheel wear evolution and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains with an operating distance (OD) of around two million kilometres. A long-term experimental test lasting two years was conducted to record the wheel profiles and structural vibrations of various trainsets. The wheel wear, namely the profile shape, worn distribution and wheelset conicity, is investigated for several continuous reprofiling cycles. Typical results are illustrated for the stability analysis, and the ride quality is examined with increasing OD. In addition, the vibration transition characteristics between suspensions are investigated in both the time and frequency domains. The experiments show that the dominant wear concentrates on the nominal rolling radius, and the wear rate increases with OD because of the surface softening resulting from the loss of wheel material. The vibration of structural components is aggravated by the increase of the equivalent conicity of the wheelset, which rises approximately linearly with the wheel wear and OD. High-frequency vibrations arise in the bogie and car body related to the track arrangement and wheel out-of-roundness, causing the ride comfort to worsen significantly. Additionally, the system vibration characteristics are strongly dependent on the atmospheric temperature. Summaries and conclusions are obtained regarding the wheel wear and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains over long operating times and distances.     

铁路高墩大跨度连续刚构桥抗震设计分析

为保证在罕遇地震下桥梁结构满足规范要求,以主跨120m的高墩大跨连续刚构桥——云南万拉木特大桥为例,运用MIDAS Civil建立连续刚构桥空间有限元模型,对其进行动力特性及罕遇地震作用下的非线性时程分析,并优化延性抗震设计。分析结果表明:桥梁振型以梁墩的横向振动为主,第1阶横向侧弯的自振周期为1.697s,全桥最大振幅出现在桥墩墩顶位置。在罕遇地震(50年超越概率为2%)作用下,中跨墩顶、底受力较大,均已进入屈服,但其弯矩均小于钢筋极限弯矩,桥梁满足"大震不倒"抗震性能目标。对塑性铰区进行优化,将墩底以上3m空心与实体分界位置处截面外层部分主筋弯折,形成最不利塑性铰区域;加强墩顶、底塑性铰区域横向约束钢筋布置,提高墩柱延性。     

<TPL-PCRUN> Statement of methods

TPL-PCRUN is a software program for the dynamic interaction simulation of pantograph–catenary systems. In the benchmark, based on the finite element method, the catenary model was built and the pantograph was considered as a three-level spring–damper–mass system. Then, through the contact definition between pantograph and catenary, the coupled model of the pantograph and catenary system was established. The respective dynamic equations of motions were solved by the time integration method. Thus, the simulation results were obtained and submitted for the comparison with the other software. On the other hand, a standard model from EN50318 was established and analysed by TPL-PCRUN. The simulation results by TPL-PCRUN were remarkably consistent with the reference values given by EN50318. It was proved that the results by TPL-PCRUN can be reliable. Recently, the software has been updated and improved. Some new models and algorithms are proposed, including the rigid–flexible hybrid pantograph model, contact definition considering appearance characteristics of the contact surfaces, a fluid–solid coupling algorithm of the pantograph and catenary system, etc.     

准饱和土中单桩竖向荷载作用下的动力响应

根据Biot饱和多孔连续介质波动方程,基于Bardet对准饱和土的假设,提出了准饱和土二相介质波动方程;运用Helmholtz矢量分解和传递、透射矩阵法(TRM)推导出准饱和土中层状半空间受竖向荷载作用下的动力响应表达式;利用Muki虚拟桩法,在层状半空间建立了桩和准饱和土相互作用的第二类Fredholm积分方程,通过离散的数值积分方法求解积分方程,讨论了准饱和土中单桩竖向动力响应问题.算例分析表明,准饱和土中桩顶竖向阻抗随饱和度的减少而增大,与饱和土地基相比,明显偏大;桩侧孔压随饱和度的减小而增大,并沿着桩长迅速衰减;桩顶位移幅值在频率较小时变化明显,饱和度越小,位移峰值越大,当频率较大时,饱和度的变化对振幅的影响不大.     

强夯联合井点降水加固粉土地基现场试验

为解决强夯加固黄河冲积平原区粉土地基时超孔隙水压力增长快消散慢、起锤困难及土壤严重液化等问题,提出采用强夯联合井点降水加固技术,以加快超孔隙水压力消散和土体固结.在济东高速公路粉土地基段进行了现场试验研究,采用了4种不同夯击能,观测、分析强夯过程中超孔隙水压力的变化规律和地面变形等,得出以下结论:选择1 500 kN·m单击夯击能更经济合理,其单位面积夯击能引起的地面沉降最大,有效加固深度亦最大;连续进行单点夯击时,表层土发生液化的可能性要大于深层土,临界深度约4m;夯后超孔隙水压力消散速率非常快,24 h后超孔隙水压力基本消散,且深度越浅超孔隙水压力消散越明显,井点降水能大幅缩短强夯的时间间隔,缩短工期.     

流沙层注浆数值模拟研究

分析了流沙层地质结构特点,应用有限元分析软件COMSOL Multiphysics对流沙层渗透注浆进行稳态与瞬态的数值模拟研究,分别计算了静水条件下和动水条件下注浆浆液扩散过程,分析了动水条件下浆液扩散规律,分析了不同注浆材料及不同注浆压力对浆液扩散过程的影响.研究结果表明:浆液在渗流场中大致呈钟形分布且都存在逆水流扩散区域,浆液与水之间没有明显分界面而是存在一个过渡区.压力从进水边界和注浆口向出流边界衰减,在注浆口和进水边界之间存在一个压力极小值点并存在一个速度接近零的区域.浆液黏度越低扩散范围越大.随着注浆压力的增加,浆液扩散范围不断增加,两相渗流达到稳定渗流状态所需要的时间也变长.     

真空动力固结法在吹填砂土地基处理中的应用

真空动力固结是采取真空降低地下水、重锤点击强夯夯实地基,增强地基承载力的施工技术,是一种比较成熟、简单、普遍使用的软地基加固工艺。通过对其工艺原理、工艺流程的简要介绍,并应用于吹填砂这种特殊地基的软基处理施工。曹妃甸电厂铁路专用线工程,其吹填砂地基承载力不满足设计要求,必须进行加固。在实施过程中,通过试验确定施工技术参数,并摸索出一种适合吹填混合土层的施工方法,其加固地基承载力满足了设计要求。