高速铁路低矮路堤灰土桩复合地基的动力特性分析

利用有限元软件MIDAS/GTS,分别建立了灰土桩复合地基和未经处理的黄土地基上铁路路基的三维有限元模型,用轨道不平顺法模拟列车荷载,分析计算了在不同速度列车荷载作用下不同路堤高度下地基土中动应力的分布,得出了桩土应力比的变化规律和地基瞬时变形规律。     

吹砂填海铁路路基强夯加固试验研究

以广西钦州保税港区铁路支线为工程背景,对吹砂填海路基的强夯处理工艺和加固效果进行现场试验研究。结果表明:海底下卧淤泥层受自然沉降、砂体挤压和强夯垂直动应力多重影响,大部分淤泥被挤出,吹填砂体内孔隙水和气体被排出,土颗粒移动靠拢、土体压缩,土体固结效果好,承载力得到显著提高,大于设计要求180 kPa,加固效果满意。     

粘性土地基强夯地面变形的模型试验研究

根据相似原理,设计采用70 cm×70 cm×70 cm（长×宽×高）的模型箱,制备含水率为20 %的粘性土,通过3种不同的锤径以及施加3种不同的能量组合进行夯击试验,试验中观测了夯点的地面变形与夯坑深度,建立了夯坑深度与所取得的土质参数和施工参数间的相关方程,并用工程实例对拟合的方程进行验证。结果显示:该方程可用来推算现场强夯时的夯坑深度,还可推算场地平均夯沉量。     

列车作用下东巨寺沟铁路隧道围岩动力反应分析

东巨寺沟铁路隧道选取试验段中实施湿喷工艺喷射聚丙烯纤维混凝土,作为支护结构,并作永久性支护结构,免除二次衬砌;为研究该隧道在列车作用下的动力响应,从土－结构相互作用模型出发,采用粘－弹性人工边界条件,建立隧道支护结构－围岩相互作用的动力分析模型,采用时程积分法研究了列车荷载对铁路隧道围岩和支护结构的动力作用,分析了列车荷载作用下由于轨道不平顺引起的动力响应,并对该隧道围岩的稳定性进行了分析。分析结果表明:在列车动力作用下,隧道围岩和支护结构变形微小,处于稳定状态。     

三跨无背索斜拉桥的动力特性分析

湖南路大桥主桥为一座斜塔无背索斜拉桥,跨径组合为30 m+92 m+30 m,全长152 m。建立该桥空间有限元动力分析模型,重点研究该桥的自振频率和振型特征。通过与一座同类型方案桥的对比,总结出该桥动力特性及结构体系的主要特点,为后续同类桥梁的设计和相关研究提供借鉴。     

Stability enhancement and fuel economy of the 4-wheel-drive hybrid electric vehicles by optimal tyre force distribution

In this paper, vehicle stability control and fuel economy for a 4-wheel-drive hybrid vehicle are investigated. The integrated controller is designed within three layers. The first layer determines the total yaw moment and total lateral force made by using an optimal controller method to follow the desired dynamic behaviour of a vehicle. The second layer determines optimum tyre force distribution in order to optimise tyre usage and find out how the tyres should share longitudinal and lateral forces to achieve a target vehicle response under the assumption that all four wheels can be independently steered, driven, and braked. In the third layer, the active steering, wheel slip, and electrical motor torque controllers are designed. In the front axle, internal combustion engine (ICE) is coupled to an electric motor (EM). The control strategy has to determine the power distribution between ICE and EM to minimise fuel consumption and allowing the vehicle to be charge sustaining. Finally, simulations performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment show that the proposed structure could enhance the vehicle stability and fuel economy in different manoeuvres.     

A method for estimation of vehicle inertial parameters

In this paper, a new method is presented for estimating the current sprung mass inertial parameters of a vehicle, such as the mass, pitch and roll mass moments of inertia, and lateral and longitudinal centre of gravity locations. The method measures the sprung mass response when the vehicle is driven over an unknown and unmeasured random road profile. From these measurements, the equivalent free-decay responses are extracted and modal analysis techniques used to estimate the sprung mass natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes. This information is combined with a simplified vehicle estimation model, least squares analysis and known equivalent stiffness parameters to estimate the vehicles’ inertial parameters. The results obtained from several simulation examples show that estimates of the inertial parameters generally have small relative errors.     

An efficient approach to the analysis of rail surface irregularities accounting for dynamic train–track interaction and inelastic deformations

A two-dimensional computational model for assessment of rolling contact fatigue induced by discrete rail surface irregularities, especially in the context of so-called squats, is presented. Dynamic excitation in a wide frequency range is considered in computationally efficient time-domain simulations of high-frequency dynamic vehicle–track interaction accounting for transient non-Hertzian wheel–rail contact. Results from dynamic simulations are mapped onto a finite element model to resolve the cyclic, elastoplastic stress response in the rail. Ratcheting under multiple wheel passages is quantified. In addition, low cycle fatigue impact is quantified using the Jiang–Sehitoglu fatigue parameter. The functionality of the model is demonstrated by numerical examples.     

SBS改性沥青热储存稳定性评价

采用8种成品SBS改性沥青,根据《公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程》(JTJ 052-2000)中T0661的方法,分别对其进行热储存离析试验;并且采用AR-2000型动态剪切流变仪对不同品牌的成品SBS改性沥青及热储存离析试验上、下部试样进行动态剪切试验,以获取SBS改性沥青动态力学温度谱。试验表明,仅以离析试验上下部软化点差值小于2.5℃来评价SBS改性沥青储存稳定性是不全面的,SBS改性沥青在储存中会产生软化点的升高或衰减,这些同样会导致沥青的使用性能的不稳定性。在温度扫描下损耗因子tanδ是否出现平台区,即是否形成空间网络结构与SBS改性沥青的储存动力稳定性的好坏没有必然的联系。     

沥青混合料集料级配的变异性与动态控制措施

对多批次同料源的集料原材及热料仓集料进行筛分,分析了其级配的变异性规律及原因,探讨了沥青混合料生产中级配动态控制的措施。指出,矿石破碎加工工艺是减少集料级配变异的首要环节,应根据沥青混合料级配控制的关键筛孔尺寸设置破碎机筛孔尺寸;以关键筛孔通过率的平均值和极差动态管理图科学指导后续生产;加强生产过程的巡视,以弥补动态管理图作用的滞后性。