动应变测量在桥梁动挠度识别中的应用分析

随着桥梁的发展,桥梁的问题也逐渐增多,近年来,我国出现了多起桥梁安全事故,主要是因为桥梁的变形产生,而挠度为桥梁变形的指标,故研究梁的挠度识别很重要。首先,通过分析和介绍位移模态理论与应变模态理论的异同点,以及应变模态理论得到梁的应变模态的表示,在此基础上,提出了互关函数在梁动挠度识别中的应用。然后,通过以实际工程为研究对象,按照1∶10的比例建立桥梁实验模型,桥梁模型全长10m,截面积为2.52cm^2,高50mm,将其分成20段,每0.5m为一个单元,计算其挠度。最后,进行实际桥梁验证,将实际桥梁的测量值与桥梁模型的挠度计算值进行对比。通过实验得到,对梁施加脉冲荷载研究其动挠度的识别值与精确值之间的吻合度,并且得到测量点的布置对吻合度的影响。对梁施加动荷载,即EL CENTRO地震波,通过对比研究动荷载作用下,动挠度的识别值和精确值之间的吻合度,得到互关函数法在动挠度中的应用,对同类型的研究具体一定的参考价值。     

基于鲁棒性的空调自控系统设计

分析了空调自控系统的主要特性,并介绍了一种基于组合自校正控制策略的自适应控制算法,同时采取一些解决工程实际问题的辅助措施,以增强系统的抗干扰能力和对未建模动态、时变参数的鲁棒性.     

高速公路局部路线方案动态比选研究

在高速公路初步设计阶段,根据对路线方案后期运营效益定性分析,识别出不同路线方案主要后期运营成本及效益,通过效益调节因子计算路线方案综合效益,按照动态经济比选思路,对各方案工程投资及效益进行定量分析,为决策者选择更优的路线方案提供数据支撑。     

强夯置换法在地基加固处理中的应用

大连铁龙动力院景B区部分建筑物地基土加固处理采用强夯置换法,经加固处理后复合地基承载力特征值及变形均满足建筑物荷载要求。现对地基加固处理方法的选择及施工进行概括性总结、分析,供同行参考。     

Liner ship route schedule design with port time windows

This paper examines a practical tactical liner ship route schedule design problem, which is the determination of the arrival and departure time at each port of call on the ship route. When designing the schedule, the availability of each port in a week, i.e., port time window, is incorporated. As a result, the designed schedule can be applied in practice without or with only minimum revisions. This problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear nonconvex optimization model. In view of the problem structure, an efficient holistic solution approach is proposed to obtain global optimal solution. The proposed solution method is applied to a trans-Atlantic ship route. The results demonstrate that the port time windows, port handling efficiency, bunker price and unit inventory cost all affect the total cost of a ship route, the optimal number of ships to deploy, and the optimal schedule.     

俄罗斯专用货车动力性能的评价

运用编制的专用货车模型,对大定距车辆进行计算,通过比较计算结果和试验结果,认为可以采用计算对专用货车的动力性能及运行安全性进行评估.     

超大跨度双跨钢桁梁悬索桥动力特性分析和模态试验

以跨径布置460 m+1480 m+491 m的一座双跨钢桁梁悬索桥结构为工程背景,充分考虑结构几何非线性效应、大位移非线性效应等因素的影响,建立了算例桥梁的MIDAS空间有限元分析模型,对基本动力特性进行了仿真分析和结构振动试验测试;对成桥结构进行动力特征参数测试,并与理论计算值进行了对比分析,该桥实测动力特征参数与对应理论计算值基本吻合,且测试值大于理论计算值,这表明成桥结构实测刚度大于理论设计目标值。     

路网环境下考虑大型车混入率的事故疏散诱导模型

大型车的混入对高速公路交通流产生了较大的影响，尤其是在交通事故情景下。为了引导事故条件下驾驶人和组织者做出高效准确的决断，将考虑了大型车混入率的动态空间占有率模型引入到交通波模型，构建干涉与非干涉情景下的交通事故影响模型。以郑尧高速为例，对模型的准确性和可行性进行了验证，分别对干涉情景下的疏散时间、疏散量以及事故发生的位置，车辆数等指标与事故影响程度的指标（包含事故最远排队长度，事故持续时间）关系进行分析。研究结果表明：疏散时间与事故影响程度成正相关关系，疏散量与事故影响程度成负相关关系，而事故发生点与上游匝道之间的距离与其关系不大；道路服务水平为0.456，车辆数为1 321 veh·h^-1时，为了使得分合流区不受影响，在不采取任何措施的情景下，应将大型车混入率控制在50.1%以下，使得最远排队长度在10 km内；当大型车混入率大于58%时，将很难通过干涉引导避免对上游分合流区产生影响；在35 min以内采取干涉措施的效果最为明显，而大于35 min时，事故持续时间会发生一个急剧的增加，不利于路网恢复，之后事故恢复时间将趋于平稳；对道路交通量进行模拟可知交通量每增加50 veh，疏散时间和距离增加的范围为[1.5 min，3.6 min]和[1.209 km，1.543 km]。研究结果可为高速公路事故诱导策略制定和疏散效果提升提供参考。     

Optimal roll control of an articulated vehicle: theory and model validation

This paper investigates optimal roll control of an experimental articulated vehicle. The test vehicle and the mathematical model used to design the control strategies are presented. The vehicle model is validated against experimental data from the test vehicle in passive configuration. The initial controller design, performed by Sampson (Sampson, D.J.M. and Cebon, D., 2003a, Achievable roll stability of heavy road vehicles. Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs, Part D, J. Automobile Engineering, 217(4), 269–287), is reviewed and adapted for the experimental vehicle. The effect of not controlling all the axles on the vehicle is investigated and a variable vehicle speed controller is designed by interpolating between constant speed controllers. Substantial reduction in normalized load transfer is achieved for a range of manoeuvres, both in steady-state and transient conditions.     

Influence of polygonal wear of railway wheels on the wheel set axle stress

The coupled vehicle/track dynamic model with the flexible wheel set was developed to investigate the effects of polygonal wear on the dynamic stresses of the wheel set axle. In the model, the railway vehicle was modelled by the rigid multibody dynamics. The wheel set was established by the finite element method to analyse the high-frequency oscillation and dynamic stress of wheel set axle induced by the polygonal wear based on the modal stress recovery method. The slab track model was taken into account in which the rail was described by the Timoshenko beam and the three-dimensional solid finite element was employed to establish the concrete slab. Furthermore, the modal superposition method was adopted to calculate the dynamic response of the track. The wheel/rail normal forces and the tangent forces were, respectively, determined by the Hertz nonlinear contact theory and the Shen–Hedrick–Elkins model. Using the coupled vehicle/track dynamic model, the dynamic stresses of wheel set axle with consideration of the ideal polygonal wear and measured polygonal wear were investigated. The results show that the amplitude of wheel/rail normal forces and the dynamic stress of wheel set axle increase as the vehicle speeds rise. Moreover, the impact loads induced by the polygonal wear could excite the resonance of wheel set axle. In the resonance region, the amplitude of the dynamic stress for the wheel set axle would increase considerably comparing with the normal conditions.