Evaluating the effects of bus design on passenger flow: Is agent-based simulation a feasible approach?

In this paper, we propose an agent-based simulation approach that is capable of simulating the flow of passengers on board buses and at bus stops. The intention is that it will be applied during vehicle development to analyze how vehicle design affects passenger flow, and thus also how it affects system performance such as dwell time. In turn, this could aid the developers in making design decisions early in the development process. Besides introducing the simulation tool itself, the paper explores the realism of the data generated by the tool. A number of passenger flow experiments featuring a full-scale bus mockup and 50 participants were carried out. The setup of these experiments mirrored a number of ‘bus journeys’ (regarding vehicle design, number of passengers boarding/alighting at each stop and so on) that had previously been simulated using the simulation tool. When the data from the simulations were compared with the data from the passenger flow experiments, it could be concluded that the tool is indeed able to generate realistic passenger flows, although with some errors when a large number of passengers board/alight. The simulated dwell times were rationally affected by the tested bus layout aspects. It was concluded that the tool makes it possible to evaluate how variations in bus layouts affect passenger flow, providing data of sufficiently high quality to be useful in early phases of vehicle design.     

Forecasting bunker prices; A nonstationary,multivariate methodology

This paper suggests a methodological approach for the forecasting of marine fuel prices. The prediction of the bunker prices is of outmost importance for operators, as bunker prices affect heavily the economic planning and financial viability of ventures and determine decisions related to compliance with regulations. A multivariate nonstationary stochastic model available in the literature is being retrieved, after appropriate adjustment and testing. The model belongs to the class of periodically correlated stochastic processes with annual periodic components. The time series are appropriately transformed to become Gaussian, and then are decomposed to deterministic seasonal characteristics (mean value and standard deviation) and a residual time series. The residual part is proved to be stationary and then is modeled as a Vector AutoRegressive Mooving Average (VARMA) process. Finally, using the methodology presented, forecasts of a tetra-variate and an octa-variate time series of bunker prices are produced and are in good agreement with actual values. The obtained results encourages further research and deeper investigation of the driving characters of the multivariate time series of bunker prices.     

行人过街需要分析研究

通过调查分析研究,运用心理学需要理论和交通工程理论,分析了行人过街过程中的各种需要,包括心理需要、时间和空间需要、环境和其他需要。对过街过程中需要的具体内容进行了阐述。最后总结了各种需要之间的联系。     

基于视频的道路交通事件自动检测技术

结合当前道路交通事件自动检测的实践经验和国内外相关技术进展,讨论了交通事件检测的类型、目的和各种检测技术,重点介绍了基于视频的道路交通事件自动检测所采用的图像处理算法和基于视频的道路交通事件自动检测算法。     

中频电源恒反压时间控制方式的研究

研究了单相并联谐振中频电源的晶闸管恒反压时间控制方式,阐述了其工作原理.实验结果证明该控制方式能够在各种扰动情况下,也能确保逆变晶闸管可靠关断。     

级配碎石回弹变形特性

级配碎石具有非线性的应力-应变特性,回弹模量是有效描述这一特性的参数,通过室内动三轴试验能够得到较好的模拟级配碎石回弹模量的模型。分析了影响级配碎石回弹变形特性的各种因素,并进行了试验验证。通过数据拟合发现,Uzan模型能更好地反映级配碎石的非线性回弹变形特性,且模型中的回归参数与级配中小于0.075mm筛孔的质量分数有一定的关联性。并针对影响级配碎石回弹模量的两个重要参数：级配中小于0.075mm筛孔的质量分数和含水质量分数,提出相应的取值范围建议。     

内蒙古黑沟特大桥动静载试验研究

以内蒙古黑沟特大桥为例,详细介绍了预应力混凝土刚构桥动静载试验的实施方案和过程,分析了黑沟特大桥动静载试验的结果,对同类型桥梁的成桥静载试验研究具有一定的参考价值。     

薄壁高墩大跨连续刚构桥地震时程反应参数研究

运用大质量法,建立并推导了长大跨度桥梁考虑行波效应的分析模型及解析方程。以内蒙古小沙湾黄河特大桥为工程背景,选取墩身刚度、地震波视波波速、地震波激励方向等主要参数,建立动力计算模型,对该桥上述各种参数工况下地震时程反应作了参数对比分析研究。利用分析结果,探讨了同类桥梁在各种参数变化情况下墩顶位移和墩底内力的变化规律。     

特大跨悬索桥动力特性及参数分析

鉴于当前对影响悬索桥动力特性的一些关键参数少有系统研究的现状,采用有限元法分析了四渡河悬索桥的动力性能,并从中央扣的设置与否,主缆、吊索、加劲梁和索塔的刚度变化以及边界条件变化等方面进行了自振特性的参数影响分析,得出了若干结论,为悬索桥的优化设计提供理论依据。     

沥青混合料动态模量Hirsch预测模型的验证研究

动态模量可以描述沥青混合料对温度和荷载频率的敏感性,从而可以客观地反映沥青混合料在路面结构中的行为特性。本文对SMA 13、Superpave 20、Superpave 25和ATB 25等4种沥青混合料分别进行了不同温度和荷载频率下的动态模量试验,并利用DSR对混合料中所用的两种沥青胶结料(普通70号沥青和SBS改性沥青)进行对应温度和荷载频率下的动态剪切模量试验,利用试验结果对动态模量Hirsch预测模型进行了验证研究。研究结果表明利用Hirsch模型预测动态模量的精度较好,只是在高温和低荷载频率时预测偏差较大。