舰艇仿真指控系统的设计与实现

舰艇指控系统是海军新型舰艇的作战指挥控制中心，实现仿真指控系统是舰艇新装备尽快形成战斗力的需要。在“新型导弹驱护舰作战指控舱仿真训练系统”项目建设的基础上，提出了舰艇仿真指控系统的设计方案和有关技术难点的实现方法。     

基于模式设计的作战指挥系统测试环境的仿真

在简要介绍C^3I系统的基础上，结合系统仿真技术和软件设计模式思想，对海军作战指挥系统的测试环境中的功能测试需求进行分析，在此基础上提出了一个具体软件的实现过程，并比较了与目前方法的优劣。     

直驱式容积控制电液伺服系统及其在船舶舵机上的应用

介绍了直驱式容积控制电液伺服系统的组成、特点,并结合船舶舵机的应用背景,研制出了船舶舵机用的直驱式容积控制电液伺服系统试验样机,并对系统进行了相关理论分析和试验研究.研究结果表明,直驱式容积控制电液伺服系统作为船舶舵机的动力装置,其性能指标能够达到舵机的执行标准.与传统的液压舵机的动力装置相比,这种新型的船舶舵机动力装置具有节能高效、操作与控制简单、小型集成化、可靠性高等诸多优点,是一种有广泛应用前景的船舶舵机操舵装置.     

Physical–biological coupling in spore dispersal of kelp forest macroalgae

The physical–biological linkages controlling the dispersal of spores produced by macroalgae that reside in kelp forests are complicated and laced with feedbacks. Here we discuss the fundamental elements of these interactions. Biological considerations include spore swimming and sinking speeds, their periods of viability in the plankton, and the height of spore release above the seafloor, which together determine the durations over which spores can be swept by horizontal currents before they contact the seafloor. Morphologies and material properties of canopy forming kelps may also influence the drag exerted on passing waters by the kelps, the plants' ability to persist in the face of rapid flows, and thereby the degree to which impinging currents are redirected around, or slowed within, kelp forests. Macroalgal life histories, and the size of spore sources as controlled by the dimensions of kelp forests and the density and fecundity of individuals within them, influence effective dispersal distances as well. Physical considerations encompass the mean speed, direction, and timescales of variability of currents relative to spore suspension times, the interaction of surface gravity waves with currents in producing turbulence in the benthic boundary layer, wind-driven surface mixing, water stratification, and shoreline bathymetry and substratum roughness, all of which can affect the interplay of vertical and horizontal transport of macroalgal spores. Intricate within-forest processes may induce attenuation of current speeds and consequent reductions in seabed shear, along with simultaneous production of small-scale turbulence in kelp wakes. Slower mean currents and smaller eddy scales in turn may attenuate vertical mixing within forests, thus extending spore suspension times. Further complexities likely arise due to changes in the relative rates of horizontal and vertical dispersion, modifications to the overall profiles of vertical mixing, and the creation of fine-scale secondary flows around kelp individuals and substratum features. Under conditions of more rapid currents, submergence of the surface canopy and the establishment of skimming flows at the canopy–fluid interface may introduce additional coherent flow structures that alter rates of fluid exchange to and from the forest. Many of these coupled physical–biological processes are just beginning to be examined in a rigorous fashion in kelp forests, but their potential importance is clear.     

Trace metals in water, sediments and marine organisms from the northern part of the Gulf of Suez, Red Sea

Concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn were determined in water, sediments, gastropod (Bulla umpulla) and green algae (Ulva lactuca) collected from five stations in the western side of the northern part of the Gulf of Suez during the period February 1993–January 1994. Sediments recorded the highest concentrations of Cd (2.26–4.40 μg/g) and Pb (13.90–28.34 μg/g), While the highest concentrations of the essential metals Cu and Zn were found in B. umpulla (28.19–72.04 and 60.24–108.74 μg/g, respectively). Water and sediments showed similar spatial distribution patterns for the highest mean values of the different metals. Highest values of the studied metals were found at stations influenced by various pollution sources such as harbours, and sewage and industrial drains. In contrast, the lowest concentrations were observed faraway from any pollution source. Calculations of concentration factors (C.F.) for gastropod and algae showed highest C.F. of Cd (4312.5–8705.9) and Pb (2103.3–8317.9) in algae, and highest C.F. of Cu (5288.9–42376.5) and Zn (3686.7–9631.5) in gastropod.     

Long-term changes of inorganic nutrients in the Lagoon of Venice (Italy)

The paper aims at investigating the trends of the concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorous in the Lagoon of Venice, Italy, in the last 35 years. The trend analysis of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and reactive phosphorus (RP) yielded rather different results. The decrease in ammonia nitrogen concentration, in particular, in the basin influenced by severe industrial discharges, is accurately described by a negative exponential model. The nitrate concentration did not show significant interannual trends, while wide seasonal variations have been detected. Reactive phosphorus concentration increased until the end of the 1970s at the stations close to the industrial area as well as in those influenced by river discharges and by sewages of the city of Venice. The sudden decrease that followed was most likely related with environmental policies, namely the improvement of wastewater purification treatments and the regulation of phosphorus use in detergents.     

A pseudofield model approach to simulate compartment-fire phenomena for marine fire safety design

In order to prevent the spread of marine compartment fires, it is necessary to understand the governing factors or characteristics of fire-spread phenomena. We present a pseudofield model approach to this problem. We first described a field model of turbulent heat convection based on a standard k – turbulence model. Two-dimensional numerical simulations of a two-linked compartment fire were carried out in order to predict the turbulent convection flow induced by the heat released from the fire. Then a more complicated fire-spread problem of multilinked compartment fires was analyzed by means of a zone model, in which the amounts of oxygen consumption and gas generation were solved by a gas-balance equations system. The effect of threshold conditions on fire propagation and the effect of the thickness of the heat insulation were investigated with numerical simulations.     

钢结构景观人行桥梁高和铺装对人致振动和阻尼器设计的影响

以上海临港顶新科学家公园环形景观人行桥为例,详细分析了人行桥行人舒适度评估和质量调谐阻尼器（TMD）的设计过程。在跨径、梁高、桥面附属等外部景观条件的约束下,针对人行桥主梁梁高和桥面铺装厚度两方面的业主要求,对TMD的合理布置、数量的优化做了研究。总结归纳了人行振动计算和TMD的设计经验。     

基坑工程监测项目初始值采集时间研究

基于多个基坑工程监测实例,通过对不同的施工阶段监测数据变化量与现行规范规定的控制值进行对比,分析不同的监测项目初始值采集时间对监测结果的影响程度。总结出围护墙顶部水平位移、深层水平位移、钢筋混凝土支撑内力、周边建筑竖向位移等监测项目合理的初始值采集时间,为基坑工程监测结果的科学性、监测评价的准确性奠定基础。     

土工格栅加固膨胀土路堤边坡稳定性的试验分析

利用离心试验和数值模拟方法研究土工格栅加固膨胀土路堤边坡稳定性效果并给出设计参数。对不同加筋方案(竖直间距0.5、1 m)与不加筋的膨胀土路堤边坡位移的分析结果表明:(1)中心填高为10.9 m、坡率为1∶1.5的素膨胀土路堤边坡在自然状态下不稳定;(2)对于整体稳定性好,仅存在浅层破坏的膨胀土路堤,铺设长度为4 m,间距为0.6~0.8 m的土工格栅可保证路堤稳定性;(3)对于存在整体稳定性问题的路堤边坡,需加长土工格栅长度或采用通长配筋方法提高路堤边坡稳定性。土工格栅对膨胀土路堤边坡的稳定性提高有显著作用,是有效的措施。