岩质边坡稳定性数值模拟及动力响应分析

采用快速拉格朗日方法,以差分技术引入时问因素实现了从连续介质小变形到大变形的分析模拟,对湖南省对121援建项目一四川理县至小金公路工程中豹子嘴边坡建立了三维模型,并采用2008年5．12汶川M8．0级地震中木卡站实测的地震波,在对地震波进行校正的基础上,进行动力数值模拟,分析了地震荷载作用下岩质边坡的位移、加速度和速度的动力响应过程和规律。岩质边坡动力响应分析表明地震荷载下岩质边坡最小水平永久位移、最小水平加速度反应峰值及最小水平速度反应峰值均发生在坡脚处,且在竖向方向均存在较明显的放大效应,其位移、加速度和速度的放大效应存在一定差异,放大倍数分别为18,1．3和6．35。     

系泊船舶运动响应周期试验研究

针对国内外系泊船舶物理模型试验中所给系泊船舶运动响应周期特征参数的不同,对横向波浪作用下一艘26.6×104 m3系泊LNG船舶的运动响应周期特性进行物理模型试验研究。结果表明,半载状态下,纵移运动存在着32 s的自振周期;横移运动为周期性间歇增长运动,横移运动周期与系泊船舶固有横摇周期的比值在1.11～1.23,大体上随波浪周期增大成倍数增长;横摇运动峰值随波浪周期增大而增大,横摇运动周期与系泊船舶固有横摇周期的比值在1.23～1.48,大体上随波浪周期增大成倍数增长;不同装载状态下回转运动均存在着较长的自振周期:半载状态为30 s,满载状态为32 s。     

基于谱分析与RC梁桥检验的脉冲型近场地震动强度度量指标

近场地震动和远离震源地区的地震地面运动存在显著区别,速度脉冲是其造成巨大震害后果的主要因素之一,有必要深入研究近场速度脉冲破坏能力的合理度量指标。在既有脉冲模拟模型的基础上,引入一种采用三角函数叠加不同比例高频分量的速度脉冲模拟模型,考虑地震下结构的累积能量和瞬时能量需求,以强度和能量为指标,对近断层地震的速度脉冲效应进行单自由度(SDOF)体系的谱分析,对不同脉冲参数下结构地震响应的影响程度进行定量对比。结果表明:同类脉冲下,累积输入能量受高频地震分量影响明显,而瞬时输入能量则主要取决于速度脉冲的自有强度,脉冲持时与结构自振周期之比、脉冲峰值是决定结构地震响应的最主要因素,从而构建表征速度脉冲强度的度量指标,并采用14条包含典型脉冲的近场地震记录为输入,以一座五跨连续梁桥为算例验证该指标的合理性。     

Validation and application of nonlinear hydrodynamics from CFD in an engineering model of a semi-submersible floating wind turbine

Nonlinear hydrodynamics play a significant role in accurate prediction of the dynamic responses of floating wind turbines (FWTs), especially near the resonance frequencies. This study investigates the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to improve an engineering model (based on potential flow theory with Morison-type drag) by modifying the second-order difference-frequency quadratic transfer functions (QTFs) and frequency-dependent added mass and damping for a semi-submersible FWT. The results from the original and modified engineering models are compared to experimental data from decay tests and irregular wave tests. In general, the CFD results based on forced oscillation tests suggest increasing the frequency-depending added mass and damping at low frequencies compared to first order potential flow theory. The modified engineering model predicts natural periods close to the experimental results in decay tests (within 5%), and the underprediction of the damping is reduced compared to the original engineering model. The motions, mooring line tensions and tower-base loads in the low-frequency response to an irregular wave are underestimated using the original engineering model. The additional linear damping increases this underestimation, while the modified QTFs based on CFD simulations of a fixed floater in bichromatic waves result in larger difference-frequency wave loads. The combined modifications give improved agreement with experimental data in terms of damage equivalent loads for the mooring lines and tower base.     

Numerical modelling of hydrodynamic responses of Ocean Farm 1 in waves and current and validation against model test measurements

With the continuous growing of the aquaculture industry and increasingly limited fish farming sites at close to shore areas both in Norway and worldwide, there is a need to develop fish farms suitable for aquaculture production in typical offshore environments. For this purpose, SALMAR has developed and deployed the Ocean Farm 1 facility for offshore fish farming.The main purpose of this paper is to develop a reliable numerical model and investigate the motion responses of the Ocean Farm 1 structure in waves and current. The established numerical model consists of the Ocean Farm 1's frame structure (with rigidly-connected circular column components), the net and the mooring system. The hydrodynamic external loads and coefficients of the frame structure are obtained by using potential flow theory. The quadratic drag load on the individual circular columns of the frame structure is formulated by a given drag coefficient. The loads on the net are formulated by using the screen model, where the Reynold number dependent lift and drag forces are formulated as a function of the solidity ratio Sn of the net, relative inflow angle and velocity. The hydrodynamic loads on the mooring lines are formulated using the Morison's equation and the structural responses of the mooring lines are obtained using a nonlinear FE model.With the developed numerical model, time domain simulations are performed. The simulation results are firstly validated against measured data from the decay tests, current tests, and regular wave tests. After the validation, numerical simulations are performed in different irregular wave and current combined weather conditions and the obtained motion response of Ocean Farm 1 are discussed and compared with available measurement data.     

地震烈度对桥梁抗震能力的研究分析

将能力谱方法应用于桥墩横向和纵向抗震性能的分析,研究在特定场地条件下不同地震烈度对桥梁抗震能力的影响,结果表明:地震烈度越大,其抗震需求越大,性能点的位移也逐渐增大,总体趋势是地震反应由弹性进入塑性.     

汶川地震近断层附近桥梁震害浅析

5.12汶川地震给交通生命线造成了严重破坏,其中处于断层附近的几座桥梁震害严重甚至垮塌,给灾后救援和重建带来巨大影响。结合近断层的场地特征,详细分析了其附近几座桥梁的震害,并为今后的桥梁设计提出以下建议:做好桥址选择工作,尽量避免发震断裂地段;选择合理抗震结构体系,减小双向地震作用;充分考虑竖向地震作用对桥梁结构影响;提高构件延性设计,防止墩柱脆性破坏;合理设计支座和加强挡块连接,以有效防止落梁震害。     

汶川地震近断层附近桥梁震害浅析

"5.12"汶川地震给交通生命线造成了严重破坏,其中处于断层附近的几座桥梁震害严重甚至垮塌,给灾后救援和重建带来巨大影响。结合近断层的场地特征,详细分析了其附近几座桥梁的震害,并为今后的桥梁设计提出以下建议:做好桥址选择工作,尽量避免发震断裂地段;选择合理抗震结构体系,减小双向地震作用;充分考虑竖向地震作用对桥梁结构影响;提高构件延性设计,防止墩柱脆性破坏;合理设计支座和加强挡块连接,以有效防止落梁震害。     

机车对轨道横向随机不平顺的响应

本文用谱分析方法，分析和计算了机车在直线轨道上匀速运行时对轨道横向随机不平顺输入的动力响应，计及了轨道的横向弹性及轮轨间的非线性几何关系。在计算中采用统计线性化方法和迭化法，将结果与线性情况作了比较。     

纵向地震下高速铁路桥梁圆端型实体墩塑性铰长度研究

以纵向地震下高速铁路桥梁圆端型实体墩为工程背景,将桥墩置于全桥体系中,利用弯矩曲率关系程序和有限元软件对桥梁进行弹塑性分析计算,得出不同墩高、不同车速以及不同地震作用组合工况下的高速铁路桥墩塑性铰长度,并与既有试验结果以及各国桥梁抗震设计规范塑性铰长度计算公式相对比。计算结果表明：在设计纵向配筋率、体积含箍率、剪跨比、轴压比下的塑性铰长度经过修正可以满足要求,提出了适合铁路桥梁圆端型墩的塑性铰长度建议计算公式,为高铁桥梁设计提供参考。