自行车骑行行为研究

从观察自行车骑行者在路段和路口的骑行行为出发,分别选择有机非隔离栏和无机非隔离栏的非机动车道,对路段和路口停车线分区域、对自行车分种类进行观测,并通过便携式摄像机进行实时拍摄,调查到大量的数据,在对调查数据进行统计分析的基础上,总结出自行车骑行者在路口、路段上的骑行行为效应和相关交通流特性。     

柴油机电-液驱动气门系统仿真设计研究

对柴油机电-液驱动可变气门系统进行理论分析,针对实际的液压系统建立气门开启过程的仿真模型,提高可变气门系统设计参数的求解速度.     

高速机车司机心理选拔指标研究

目的从安全驾驶适应性方面研究高速机车司机应具备的心理素质。方法根据高速列车机车驾驶特性,提出心理选拔指标并应用于现场,通过现场对直达和特快机车司机的测量及应用从而确立高速机车司机应具备的心理素质指标。结果实验机车司机413名,年龄组在39岁以下和40岁以上机车司机有明显不同：39岁以下较40岁以上机车司机的作业能力和反应速度及注意分配、集中、转移等方面的能力均明显加快（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;机车司机的认知能力受文化程度的影响（P〈0.01）,其中,四数和计算是初中与高中以上文化程度之间有极显著性差异（P〈0.01）,比较刻度、按规律检数是高中以下和大专之间存在着极显著性差异（P〈0.01）,即具备一定文化程度的机车司机其计算速度和操作技能都明显较好。指标间的相关矩阵分析存在极密切关系（r=0.16-0.59,P〈0.01）;同期效标检验各指标的相关效度为0.14-0.33（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,组合分相关效度为0.315（P〈0.01）;验证预测合格符合率为91.96%,预测淘汰符合率为23.89%。     

齿轮修形在机车上的应用

提出了单侧直齿传动大功率电力机车牵引齿轮的齿向螺旋形就形修正、齿端修薄和齿枯、齿根修缘的计算以及设计方法，运用方法成功地研制的ＳＳ７型电力机车的牵引齿轮，结束了我国大功率电力机车有用双侧斜齿轮传的历史。     

The dynamic study of locomotives under saturated adhesion

In order to study the dynamic behaviours of locomotives under saturated adhesion, the stability and characteristics of stick–slip vibration are analysed using the concepts of mean and dynamic slip rates. The longitudinal vibration phenomenon of the wheelset when stick–slip occurs is put forward and its formation mechanism is made clear innovatively. The stick–slip vibration is a dynamic process between the stick and the slip states. The decreasing of mean and dynamic slip rates is conducive to its stability, which depends on the W/R adhesion damping. The torsion vibration of the driving system and the longitudinal vibration of the wheelset are coupled through the longitudinal tangential force when the wheelset alternates between the stick and the slip states. The longitudinal oscillation frequencies of the wheelset are integral multiples of the natural frequency of torsion vibration of the driving system. A train dynamic model integrated with an electromechanical and a control system is established to simulate the stick–slip vibration phenomenon under saturated adhesion to verify the theoretical analysis. The results show that increases of the longitudinal axle guidance stiffness and the motor suspension stiffness are beneficial to the stick–slip vibration stability and the locomotive's traction ability. The optimised matching of the longitudinal axle guidance stiffness and the motor suspension stiffness are helpful to avoid longitudinal resonance when the stick–slip vibration occurs.     

Design of a feedback-feedforward steering controller for accurate path tracking and stability at the limits of handling

This paper presents a feedback-feedforward steering controller that simultaneously maintains vehicle stability at the limits of handling while minimising lateral path tracking deviation. The design begins by considering the performance of a baseline controller with a lookahead feedback scheme and a feedforward algorithm based on a nonlinear vehicle handling diagram. While this initial design exhibits desirable stability properties at the limits of handling, the steady-state path deviation increases significantly at highway speeds. Results from both linear and nonlinear analyses indicate that lateral path tracking deviations are minimised when vehicle sideslip is held tangent to the desired path at all times. Analytical results show that directly incorporating this sideslip tangency condition into the steering feedback dramatically improves lateral path tracking, but at the expense of poor closed-loop stability margins. However, incorporating the desired sideslip behaviour into the feedforward loop creates a robust steering controller capable of accurate path tracking and oversteer correction at the physical limits of tyre friction. Experimental data collected from an Audi TTS test vehicle driving at the handling limits on a full length race circuit demonstrates the improved performance of the final controller design.     

Policy challenges of increasing automation in driving

The convergence of information and communication technologies (ICT) with automotive technologies has already resulted in automation features in road vehicles and this trend is expected to continue in the future owing to consumer demand, dropping costs of components, and improved reliability. While the automation features that have taken place so far are mainly in the form of information and driver warning technologies (classified as level I pre-2010), future developments in the medium term (level II 2010–2025) are expected to exhibit connected cognitive vehicle features and encompass increasing degree of automation in the form of advanced driver assistance systems. Although autonomous vehicles have been developed for research purposes and are being tested in controlled driving missions, the autonomous driving case is only a long term (level III 2025 +) scenario. This paper contributes knowledge on technological forecasts regarding automation, policy challenges for each level of technology development and application context, and the essential instrument of cost-effectiveness for policy analysis which enables policy decisions on the automation systems to be assessed in a consistent and balanced manner. The cost of a system per vehicle is viewed against its effectiveness in meeting policy objectives of improving safety, efficiency, mobility, convenience and reducing environmental effects. Example applications are provided that illustrate the contribution of the methodology in providing information for supporting policy decisions. Given the uncertainties in system costs as well as effectiveness, the tool for assessing policies for future generation features probabilistic and utility-theoretic analysis capability. The policy issues defined and the assessment framework enable the resolution of policy challenges while allowing worthy innovative automation in driving to enhance future road transportation.     

行车荷载对软土路基沉降的影响机理分析

工程实践和理论研究表明,高速公路软基的工后沉降主要来自于路面施工后的瞬时沉降、未完成的主固结沉降和次固结沉降。根据软基处理工程中固结变形特性,对软土地基沉降量与荷载的关系进行详细探讨,给出高速公路工前和工后荷载对软基沉降的计算式,并着重分析软基沉降预估计算误差产生的原因,得出工后主固结沉降阶段的行车荷载对沉降影响较大的结论。