高速公路电子不停车收费系统仿真测试实践

为测试验证高速公路电子不停车收费系统是否满足用户需求,提出了一种新的仿真测试方法和工具.对高速公路电子不停车收费系统运行环境进行建模,通过交通仿真模拟测试用例场景行为,基于传感器仿真模型生成测试数据,对部署在等效虚拟机环境上的被测系统实施测试.以某省真实高速公路不停车收费系统作为应用案例进行测试,试验结果表明,仿真测试有效地验证了被测高速公路电子不停车收费系统的功能和性能指标,且测试过程无需使用任何传感器及车辆等设备,有效降低了测试成本,测试工具操作便捷易用,可实现自动或半自动化测试,提高了测试效率.     

计量检定规程《铁路机车车辆轮径量具》解读

结合JJG 1081.1-2013《铁路机车车辆轮径量具第1部分：轮径尺》和JJG 1081.2-2013《铁路机车车辆轮径量具第2部分：轮径测量器》的修订情况,介绍其相对于原铁道部门规程JJG（铁道）111.1-2002《铁路机车车辆轮径尺》和JJG（铁道）111.2-2002《铁路机车车辆轮径测量器》在计量性能要求方面的变化、变化的背景及在执行新规程进行检定时应注意的事项.     

Application of a Sustainable Fisheries Development Indicator System (SFDIS) for Better Management Outcomes in Taiwan Offshore and Coastal Fishery

A sustainable fisheries development indicator system (SFDIS) is proposed in this article to monitor management of Taiwan's offshore and coastal fisheries. Demonstration of its application shows that the ecological index is tending toward sustainability but to conserve fisheries’ resources it is necessary to strengthen habitat protection and management through a partnership approach. The economic index is tending toward unsustainability as a result of a decline in fisheries’ Gross Domestic Product (GDP), value, economic production, and investment. An aging fisherman population and decreasing social performance and resilience contribute to unsustainability of the social index. By contrast, the institutional index is sustainable because of improved management efficiency, ability, and capacity-building. However, some problems exist with regard to compliance and acceptability of institutional expense. Overall, the SFDIS suggests that an increase in employee number, incorrect statistical data, and unacceptable institutional expense will make Taiwan's offshore and coastal fisheries unsustainable in the long run.     

Successful Transplantation of a Fragmenting Coral,Montipora digitata,for Reef Rehabilitation

The scleractinian coral Montipora digitata (Acroporidae) is a common reef flat species that thrives under high levels of light and water turbulence, and propagates successfully by natural fragmentation. It was used for transplantation experiments in an attempt to restore a degraded lagoon environment in the northwestern Philippines. Branches about 5 cm high from a natural population in the lagoon were transplanted to dead coral outcrops or knolls in two locations (Binlab and Malilnep-Ac) with different environmental characteristics. Growth and survival were significantly better at Malilnep Ac, which resembled the natural habitat of the species more closely. Environmental conditions at this site also favored the establishment of a greater diversity of species around the coral transplants. There was no difference in performance between transplants on vertical and horizontal surfaces, and the transplants showed limited differences due to density within the experimental range. Significant survival of detached, transplanted colonies or fragments thereof around the bases of the experimental bommies at the more successful site was an additional positive outcome. Water motion showed significant effects on survival and growth, possibly enhancing the suitability of the more successful site for transplantation. These results demonstrate the potential of coral transplantation to initiate the establishment of natural communities in degraded reef areas, a concern for coastal managers in developing countries.     

Comparing Fisher Interviews,Logbooks, and Catch Landings Estimates of Extraction Rates in a Small-Scale Fishery

Researchers are turning to alternative data sources (e.g., resource user knowledge) to provide information required for wildlife management. Little is known about the reliability of data elicited from resource users relative to data obtained from user-independent approaches (e.g., observations of fish catches). We test for consensus among three methods that quantify past (1996 to 2007) seahorse catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) for a small-scale, data-poor fishery in the Philippines: interviews with fishers about good, bad, and typical catch; fisher logbooks; and observations of catch landings. Interviews and logbooks indicated no trends in CPUE through time, consistent with results from the fisher-independent metric, catch landings. Although interview estimates of “typical” CPUE greatly exceeded “typical” observed catches and logbook estimates, interview estimates of “bad” CPUE were comparable. Catch landings estimates for a fisher in a particular year were uncorrelated to what he reported during retrospective interviews. Interviews should be used cautiously to inform specific catch targets (e.g., total allowable catches), although including interview questions about a range of catch experiences (e.g., good, bad and typical), may improve interview-derived data. Logbooks are particularly useful for capturing information about fishing expeditions that produce no fish, which are largely missed by other methods.     

6200车位滚装船汽车绑扎件安装分析

分析6200车位滚装船汽车绑扎件在安装阶段存在的问题,研讨对策并提出改进方案.通过比较改进方案前后的数据,验证该方案的有效性.该方案实现了节约材料、能源,减少现场作业工时,可提高现场综合施工效率.     

Transshipment hub port selection for shipping carriers in a dual hub-port system

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the factors affecting transshipment (T/S) hub port selection by a feeder port and helps shipping carriers make a decision about T/S hub port selection in a dual hub-port system. By employing established evaluation factors, a case study is conducted to weigh the priority of factors and to select an alternative T/S hub port, such as between the Shanghai and Ningbo ports from the Nanjing feeder port in the Yangtze River delta (YRD). A combined multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework utilizing the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the consistent fuzzy preference relations (CFPR) method is employed to both reduce the number of pairwise comparisons by AHP and to obtain experts’ knowledge in the decision-making process. The result indicates that the cost, availability of hub port’s space allocation, and the connectivity between feeder port and hub port are crucial factors for T/S hub port selection by shipping carriers. In the case study, Shanghai is selected as the T/S hub port from the Nanjing feeder port. Nevertheless, Ningbo port has the advantage of cost, and if the relationship with feeder port can be improved, Ningbo port would be preferred over Shanghai as a T/S hub port for shipping carriers in a dual hub-port system.     

Stakeholder Collaboration and Organizational Innovation in the Planning of the Deschutes Estuary Feasibility Study

Coastal managers have sought to enhance the collaborative inputs of stakeholder groups into management activities. Nonetheless, established organizational approaches have led to primarily consultative forms of engagement and constrained citizen involvement in formative activities. In Olympia, Washington, managers overseeing the Deschutes Estuary Feasibility Study (DEFS) implemented an innovative cooperative research planning initiative that diverged from conventional consultative processes. Stakeholders, rather than government officials, identified the research priorities for the socioeconomic component of this restoration feasibility study. This design method altered the traditional roles and responsibilities of different organizational actors, and the involvement of citizen groups in these formative activities changed the relationship between governmental and nongovernmental actors. Using conceptual frameworks from organizational sociology, this study develops insights into the behavior of the organizations involved with the DEFS cooperative planning effort, demonstrating how engaging stakeholders in formative research planning activities may foster new types of collaboration among coastal management organizations.     

客运专线铁路预应力混凝土连续梁底板崩裂加固设计

某客运专线(30.15+48+56+48+30.15)m预应力混凝土连续梁在预应力张拉、压浆完毕后中孔56 m梁底发生了较大面积的崩裂。综合分析崩裂原因,通过对各种传统补强方案在加固设计中的利弊分析、对比,结合预应力管道已压浆完毕的现实状况,提出一种新的加固设计方案——梁体施加预压荷载方案。该方案从连续梁的受力特征出发,突破了传统方案只在通过补强方面作文章的思路,有效避免了传统方案的弊病,取得了较好的补强效果。     

港口工程混凝土结构耐久性极限状态研究

通过对有关耐久性和耐久性极限状态定义的总结,结合港口工程结构特点,提出了可用于结构设计的港口工程混凝土结构的耐久性极限状态。对钢筋混凝土结构构件和采用螺纹钢筋作为预应力筋的梁、板,以承载力、挠度和纵向裂缝宽度分别劣化到某一限值作为控制的耐久性极限状态;对于采用钢绞线或钢丝作为预应力筋的预应力混凝土结构构件和采用螺纹钢筋作为预应力筋的桩,以钢筋脱钝作为耐久性极限状态。