Financing urban rail projects: The case of Los Angeles

This paper describes the potential use of the financing strategy of value capture or benefit assessment for an urban mass transportation project. The paper describes the legal background to the use of benefit assessment, and the process of implementation for the first construction phase of the Los Angeles Metro Rail project. The process of developing the benefit assessment structure was a consultative one, utilizing technical inputs from a team of specialist consultants, a task force consisting of major developers and property owners in the affected area, and politicians representing many of the interests in the region. The initial benefit assessment districts were set up to raise $130 million of the cost of the first 4.4 miles of the rail project, and are based on the benefits accruing to certain categories of property in the vicinity of stations. The assessment would be collected for about 18 years and bonding would be used to provide the capital at the time of construction.The paper describes the procedure for setting boundaries, the structuring of the assessment rates, the definition of benefiting properties, and the uses and tenure of the assessment. In almost all cases, the theory of value capture indicated a different result than was achieved from a consensus of the task force, and the nature of these differences is explored in the paper. The establishment of the benefit assessment districts withstood early court challenges, but has subsequently been appealed and was overturned on appeal. Action is pending with the Supreme Court currently, and efforts are also underway to pass new legislation to deal with some of the issues raised in the court proceedings.     

Rail-road crossing impacts: an international synthesis

Rail-road crossings generate a range of transport, economic, social and environmental impacts. While much research has focused on selected impacts such as safety, little consideration has been given to wider impacts. The aim of this research was to therefore develop a holistic understanding of the impacts of rail-road crossings (both at-grade and grade-separated) and to identify key gaps in knowledge in this field. An international synthesis of rail-road crossing impacts was developed through a detailed literature review, which revealed a total of 18 different types of impacts associated with rail-road crossings. The review found that most research to date has focused on quantifying transport and economic impacts, particularly safety and road vehicle delay, with little consideration given to social and environmental impacts. A number of research gaps have been identified which provide a clear agenda for future research. These gaps include the use of empirical evidence to support impact assessments, and the need to better understand the impacts of grade-separating rail-road crossings in terms of safety, travel time variability, land use, traffic flow, rail vehicle delay, disability access, and crime.     

基于多级可拓评价方法的大客流扰动下地铁脆弱性研究

根据地铁运营的特点及国内外脆弱性相关领域的研究现状,构建地铁在大客流扰动下脆弱性的评价指标体系。运用多级可拓理论,建立地铁在大客流扰动下脆弱性的多级可拓评价模型。以北京地铁为例,确定北京某地铁站在大客流扰动下脆弱性的风险等级,并根据所得结果提出优化措施,为我国地铁在大客流扰动下脆弱性评价提供一种新的评价方法。     

自主创新通用安全计算机平台与欧标认证

安全计算机被广泛应用于轨道交通信号系统。着重介绍自主研发的通用安全计算机平台,并对安全计算机的可靠性和安全性设计进行了说明。为确保安全计算机能够达到安全完整性等级4级的要求,根据欧洲系列安全标准的理念,研发过程不仅采用适当的技术手段,同时创新性地增加了安全管理手段。引入独立第三方的欧标安全认证,有效地证明了平台的安全性。     

基于AHP的轨道交通安全评价体系模型

以轨道交通系统安全性的要求为依据,基于层次分析法(AHP),从列车自身安全性、列车与其他系统的接口和安全保障系统3个方面构建由14个评价指标组成的轨道交通安全性评价指标体系模型.用两两判断法建立某准则的相对重要性判断矩阵,用和积法求解判断矩阵的最大特征根及其对应的特征向量,从而确定该准则下各个指标的权重.由判断矩阵的最大特征值计算一致性指标,查表得到平均随机一致性指标,二者的商即为一致性比例F<,R>,若F<,R>小于0.1则认为判断矩阵是合理的.     

DQ_(45)型钳夹式货车端盖方式运输1000MW发电机定子试验研究

为了保证DQ45型钳夹式货车端盖方式运输1000 MW发电机定子的安全,对端盖及连接端盖与定子的螺栓、拉杆进行强度试验研究。根据DQ45型钳夹式货车的技术参数、端盖的结构特点和材料性能,设计试验流程和试验方法。试验研究结果表明:螺栓的平均预紧力为375.9 kN,平均预紧应力为419.5 MPa,确定以(3 400±100)N.m力矩预紧,合车后最大应力增量为53.7 MPa,运输中最大合成应力为480.6 MPa;拉杆的最大预紧力为2 825 kN,最大预紧应力为301.3 MPa,确定以2 815~2 825 kN预紧力预紧,合车后最大合成应力为363.8 MPa,运输中最大合成应力为376.5 MPa;耳板R150圆弧大应力区,合车后最大应力为212.0 MPa,运输中最大合成应力为268.1 MPa;耳孔附近应力区,合车后最大应力为121.7 MPa,运输中最大合成应力为181.2 MPa。端盖各主要部件合成应力均在相应材料许用应力范围之内,满足运输安全的要求。     

基于模糊综合评价法的有轨电车运营风险评估

为实现在不完备风险事件数据基础上对有轨电车运营风险的全面识别和评估,提出一种将风险事件历史数据与专家经验结合的运营风险评估方法。分析中国北方城市有轨电车运营风险事件信息,通过层次分析法识别并建立有轨电车运营关键风险因素评估体系,采用基于风险矩阵法与专家评价法的模糊综合评价法进行有轨电车运营风险综合评估。分析长春市有轨电车运营案例,结果表明：有轨电车运营总体风险可控,其中与车辆相撞、轨道异物入侵、恶劣天气、道岔与信号设备的风险较高,建议有关部门加强安全隔离设施的布设、人员出行行为的监管力度以及针对恶劣天气的提前预警与措施,并在日常运营中加强对关键设备的智能维护和健康管理。     

生态脆弱区铁路工程建设对生态环境的影响研究——以红柳河至淖毛湖铁路为例

对位于新疆生态脆弱区的红柳河至淖毛湖铁路工程建设过程中可能的生态环境影响进行分析,重点研究铁路建设过程中对所经区域的自然植被、水土保持等的影响途径、影响程度及相应环保措施。指出现行环评体制下,铁路建设项目环评存在的不足并提出相应建议。     

贵阳白布矿井(二期)下穿铁路安全风险评估

织金至毕节铁路从白布矿井(二期)井田中西部穿过,为确定井筒的本身结构是否安全,井筒施工是否会危及铁路的安全,煤矿在开采期间是否对铁路造成影响,通过模型计算及风险源识别评估分析,结果表明,矿井下穿铁路设计方案合理安全。     

北京市轨道交通安全领域管理体系框架研究

近年来,随着轨道交通迅猛发展,如何通过有效的技术管理手段保证轨道交通运营安全已成为一个亟待解决的问题。"7·23"动车追尾等一系列严重事故,反映出我国轨道交通安全管理体系亟待完善。介绍了欧洲轨道交通系统开发和安全评价的标准及相关安全认证体系,结合北京轨道交通发展情况和我国的法律规范、行业标准,提出适合北京轨道交通发展的安全管理体系和评估体系框架。