基于参数化设计的浮冰区船舶冰阻力研究

基于Voronoi图采用参数化设计工具对不规则几何形状的浮冰开展参数化建模,参照真实冰区测量信息,利用遗传算法对浮冰尺度概率分布开展了优化研究。考虑不同浮冰尺度范围,采用有限元方法对船舶在浮冰区航行的冰阻力进行了数值计算。研究发现:大尺度浮冰相对于小尺度浮冰而言,破碎更为剧烈;优化浮冰尺度概率分布的冰阻力峰值总体而言大于优化前,平均值则较小;数值计算结果在较大浮冰尺度范围内与经验值较为吻合,浮冰阻力平均值随浮冰平均尺度增大呈负指数幂函数减小趋势。文中提供了一种对浮冰尺度概率分布进行校正和优化的方法,对船舶在浮冰区的阻力预报具有一定参考价值。     

装配式隧道圆形和方形钢榫接头抗弯性能大尺寸试验

接头是装配式隧道建设和运营阶段最为薄弱和关键的部位,其设计及力学性能评估是一项必要的研究工作。为评估圆形和方形钢榫接头的抗弯性能,开展了大尺寸接头抗弯试验,研究了接头在荷载作用下的竖向挠度、接缝张开量及应变变化规律,探讨了其接头旋转角、延性、断裂韧性及破坏模式。研究结果表明:圆形钢榫接头的承载能力弱于方形钢榫接头,极限荷载及其对应的挠度分别比方形钢榫接头小77.71 kN和6.797 mm;同一荷载水平下,方形钢榫接头的张开量和旋转角更小,其抗变形能力强于圆形钢榫接头;2种钢榫接头的混凝土和钢筋应变响应规律在整体上相似,但方形钢榫接头的最大压应变仅为圆形钢榫接头的15%;圆形钢榫接头表现出渐进失效行为,其挠度延性指数和旋转延性指数分别是方形钢榫接头的2.28倍和1.98倍,且最终旋转角和单位荷载下旋转角增量均小于方形钢榫接头;2种钢榫接头受压弯曲时,圆形钢柱将荷载传递至接头底部,使混凝土受拉区破坏过大,主要表现出拉弯破坏模式,而方形钢柱联合更多承压区混凝土受荷,使承压区混凝土破损面积为圆形钢榫接头的3倍左右,主要表现出压弯破坏模式。研究结果可为装配式矩形隧道的接头设计提供参考。     

Review of the uncertainties associated to hull girder hydroelastic response and wave load predictions

This paper reviews the importance of uncertainties in hull girder loads influenced by flexible fluid structure interactions. The focus is on developments in the field of hydroelastic modelling, simulation and model tests of practical relevance to the prediction hull girder wave load predictions and their validation. It is concluded that whereas hydroelastic methods for use in design development and assessment become increasingly useful, challenges in realizing and modelling uncertainties can be attributed to: (1) the limitations of numerical methods to suitably model nonlinearities; (2) the ambiguity of model tests; and (3) the systematic use of data emerging from computational, model- or full-scale methods. An approach is recommended to assess the uncertainty in the hydroelastic responses to wave loading and an example is provided to demonstrate the application of the procedure.